Explore the effects of Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Tang on Alzheimer’s disease by UPLC-QTOF/MS-based plasma metabolomics study

Huang-Lian Jie-Du decoction: a review on phytochemical, pharmacological and pharmacokinetic investigations

“…Glutathione and carnosine were significantly increased after HLJDD and the combination treatment. Metabolomics analysis revealed that HLJDD had better APPswe/PS1dE9 mice Ameliorating neuroinflammation and sphingolipid metabolic disorder [34] HEK 293 cells Inhibiting indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity [133] Anti-infection Candida albicans Inhibiting formation of hyphae and colony morphologies through downregulating the expression of HWP1, ALS3, UME6 and CSH1 [136] Pseudomonas aeruginosa Reducing pyocyanin pigment, elastolytic activity, proteolytic activity, biofilm formation, and bacterial motility [137] H1N1 Inhibiting NA activity [139] Modulation of microbiota High-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced T2DM rats Ameliorating hyperglycemia and restoring the disturbed gut microbiota structure and function through increasing short chain fatty acids-producing bacteria while reducing conditioned pathogenic bacteria [143] anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, and anti-oxidative effects than berberine alone. The single use of berberine had an inferior ability to HLJDD in restoring the whole disturbed metabolism of model rats [105].…”

“…Modern pharmacological studies have showed that HLJDD could significantly modulate effects on age-related changes of the gene expressions in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex in SAMP8 model, which include genes that involved in different biological function and process: signal transduction (Dusp12, Rps6ka1, Rab26, Penk1, Nope, Leng8, Syde1, Phb, Def8, Ihpk1, Tac2, Pik3c2a), protein metabolism (Ttc3, Amfr, Prr6, Ube2d2), cell growth and development (Ngrn, Anln, Dip3b, Acrbp), nucleic acid metabolism (Fhit, Itm2c, Cstf2t, Ddx3x, Ercc5, Pcgfr6), energy metabolism (Stub1, Uqcr, Nsf ), immune response (C1qb), regulation of transcription (D1ertd161e, Gcn5l2, Ssu72), transporter (Slc17a7, mt-Co1), nervous system development (Trim3), and neurogila cell differentiation (Tspan2) [132]. In APPswe/PS1dE9 mice, another classic animal model of AD, HLJDD had positive effects on AD by ameliorating neuroinflammation and sphingolipid metabolic disorder [34]. In addition, HLJDD may inhibit the activity of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, one of the potential participants involved in the pathogenesis of AD [133].…”

“…More and more clinical application cases have prompted people to explore the potential pharmacological effects and possible molecular mechanisms of HLJDD by modern pharmacology and molecular biotechnology. Modern pharmacological studies indicate that HLJDD exhibits therapeutic actions in various pathological aspects, such as hyperlipidemia [14], tumor [6,15,16], arthritis [17][18][19], sepsis [20][21][22], cardiac damage [23], liver injury [24,25], kidney disease [26], cerebral ischemia [27][28][29], type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) [30,31], Alzheimer's disease (AD) [32][33][34], fungal infection [35] and inflammation [36]. In the meantime, with the deepening of researches and the continuous development of technology, more and more chemical compositions of HLJDD have been discovered.…”

UPLC-Q/TOF-MS-Based Serum Metabolomics Reveals Hypoglycemic Effects of Rehmannia glutinosa, Coptis chinensis and Their Combination on High-Fat-Diet-Induced Diabetes in KK-Ay Mice

“…Emerging metabolomics appeared an ideal tool to provide new insights into understanding the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of multi-biochemical component medicines [24,25]. This technology has the capability not only to provide the global metabolic changes caused by biochemical effects of toxins and drugs in biological samples such as plasma, urine, and tissues, but also to reveal the multiple related biochemical pathways of altered metabolites and pathophysiological states [26].…”

Brain metabolomics study for the protective effects of Rhodiola crenulata extract on Alzheimer's disease by HPLC coupled with Fourier transform‐ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry

“…Metabolomics technology provides a high potential strategy to investigate the disease pathogenesis and discover diagnostic biomarkers for AD [13,14]. In the past, several metabolomics studies were implemented to investigate the action mechanisms of TCMs on AD [15][16][17]. Most of these studies were performed in biofluids, such as serum, plasma, and urine, because brain tissue accessibility is limited to animal models and brain metabolomics implies several challenges due to sample extraction, brain heterogeneity, sample storage, and sample treatment for a wide coverage of metabolites [18,19].…”