Exploration of the Synchronization Constraint in Quantum-dot Cellular Automata

Torres, Frank Sill; Silva, Pedro Arthur; Fontes, Geraldo; Nacif, José Augusto M.; Ferreira, Ricardo; Neto, Omar P. Vilela; Chaves, Jeferson F.; Drechsler, Rolf

doi:10.1109/dsd.2018.00109

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The real clocking concept is essential for the design of QCA circuits because it can substantially decrease manufacturing costs and facilitate the physical implementation of QCA circuits. Either the pipeline-style [25] or the dynamic-style [24,29] can be used to include the real clocking concept into the QCA clocking www.videleaf.com system. For complex circuits based on five-input majority gates, the real clocking strategy, with efficient clustering and placement, has been recently developed [30].…”

Section: Qca Clocking Schemesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reversible Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata-Based Arithmetic Logic Unit

Alharbi,

Edwards,

Stocker

2023

Prime Archives in Nanotechnology

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Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) are a promising nanoscale computing technology that exploits the quantum mechanical tunneling of electrons between quantum dots in a cell and electrostatic interaction between dots in neighboring cells. QCA can achieve higher speed, lower power, and smaller areas than conventional, complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. Developing QCA circuits in a logically and physically reversible manner can provide exceptional reductions in energy dissipation. The main challenge is to maintain reversibility down to the physical level. A crucial component of a computer's central processing unit (CPU) is the arithmetic logic unit (ALU), which executes multiple logical and arithmetic functions on the data processed by the CPU. Current QCA ALU designs are either irreversible or logically reversible; however, they lack physical reversibility, a crucial requirement to increase energy efficiency. This paper shows a new multilayer design for a QCA ALU that can carry out 16 different operations and is both logically and physically reversible. The design is based on reversible majority gates, which are the key building blocks. We use QCADesigner-E software to simulate and evaluate energy dissipation. The proposed logically and physically reversible QCA ALU offers an improvement of 88.8% in energy efficiency. Compared to the next most efficient 16-operation QCA ALU, this ALU uses 51% fewer QCA cells and 47% less area.

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Section: Qca Clocking Schemesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reversible Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata-Based Arithmetic Logic Unit

Alharbi,

Edwards,

Stocker

2023

Prime Archives in Nanotechnology

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“…Global synchronization ensures that new data are transmitted to the inputs of the circuit during every clock cycle; thus, the inputs of all gates are synchronized for at least one clock cycle prior to the arrival of new data. Most researchers emphasize that local synchronization is an essential requirement to include when developing QCA circuits [26][27][28][29]. However, the conclusion of global synchronization research is contradictory.…”

Section: Qca Clocking Schemesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reversible Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata-Based Arithmetic Logic Unit

Alharbi,

Edwards,

Stocker

2023

Nanomaterials

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Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) are a promising nanoscale computing technology that exploits the quantum mechanical tunneling of electrons between quantum dots in a cell and electrostatic interaction between dots in neighboring cells. QCA can achieve higher speed, lower power, and smaller areas than conventional, complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. Developing QCA circuits in a logically and physically reversible manner can provide exceptional reductions in energy dissipation. The main challenge is to maintain reversibility down to the physical level. A crucial component of a computer’s central processing unit (CPU) is the arithmetic logic unit (ALU), which executes multiple logical and arithmetic functions on the data processed by the CPU. Current QCA ALU designs are either irreversible or logically reversible; however, they lack physical reversibility, a crucial requirement to increase energy efficiency. This paper shows a new multilayer design for a QCA ALU that can carry out 16 different operations and is both logically and physically reversible. The design is based on reversible majority gates, which are the key building blocks. We use QCADesigner-E software to simulate and evaluate energy dissipation. The proposed logically and physically reversible QCA ALU offers an improvement of 88.8% in energy efficiency. Compared to the next most efficient 16-operation QCA ALU, this ALU uses 51% fewer QCA cells and 47% less area.

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“…Thus, we need to consider a trade-off between area and delay. The metric indicating the rate at which a circuit generates a valid result is the throughput [44], which starts at 1 and declines as the circuit becomes unsynchronized.…”

Section: Iiid Throughputmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey on Placement and Routing for Field-Coupled Nanocomputing

Formigoni

Ferreira

Nacif

2021

JICS

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CMOS technology is reaching power, thermal, and physical limits at an alarming pace. As a response, post-silicon research investigates alternative technologies to perform computation. Field-Coupled Nanocomputing (FCN) presents low power dissipation, high frequencies, and room temperature operation. Nevertheless, FCN imposes several challenges in the development of efficient and scalable CAD tools. The placement and routing step is especially tricky in FCN compared to CMOS because of synchronization issues inherent to these technologies, such as path balancing and reconvergent paths. In this work, we survey the state-of-art of placement and routing algorithms for FCN. We describe the most recent FCN placement and routing algorithms, highlighting their limitations and, finally, presenting future work directions.

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Exploration of the Synchronization Constraint in Quantum-dot Cellular Automata

Cited by 11 publications

References 18 publications

Reversible Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata-Based Arithmetic Logic Unit

Reversible Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata-Based Arithmetic Logic Unit

Reversible Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata-Based Arithmetic Logic Unit

Survey on Placement and Routing for Field-Coupled Nanocomputing

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