Exploration of the Relationship between Adipocytokines, Tradition Risk Markers, Nontraditional Risk Markers and Anthropometric Measurements in T2DM Patients

Al-Sowayan, Noorah Saleh

doi:10.4236/jbise.2015.83018

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…Insulin resistance (IR) is categorized as a reduced capacity of target tissues to be responsive to insulin action. In addition, IR contributes to the development of metabolic disorders and T2DM, and is frequently linked to CVD [13]. This phenomenon is caused by significant defective in insulin-mediated glucose absorption, specifically glycogen composition, and glucose oxidation.…”

Section: Insulin Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Insulin therapy is not used for T2DM [15] [24] [25]. IR in the principal insulin-target tissues is a well-known defect that occurs prior to the onset of type 2 diabetes [13]. Hyperinsulinemia, a prominent hallmark of the MetS is caused by excessive insulin secretion from β-cell that has been linked to the evolution of cardiovascular disease and T2DM [15].…”

Section: Diabetes Mellitusmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Consequences of Insulin Resistance Long Term in the Body and Its Association with the Development of Chronic Diseases

Al-Badrani¹,

Al-Sowayan²

2022

JBM

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Insulin resistance (IR) has become more common in recent years, and it has been related to a number of metabolic disturbances such as obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), Diabetes mellitus (DM), metabolic syndrome (MetS), cardiovascular disease (CVD), polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and others. IR is defined by a decreased ability of cells to respond to insulin action, as well as hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia. There are many factors responsible for the evolution of IR, most notably genetic factors and the modern lifestyle in which an unhealthy diet and lack of physical activity have contributed to an increase in the spread of IR worldwide at various ages. Since insulin is the dominant hormone that drives metabolism and many important functions. Therefore, any alteration in normal insulin, such as high or low insulin levels has a significant influence on the body. Furthermore, to understand IR, it is essential first to know how insulin functions under natural physiologic conditions. This review aims to contribute to an understanding of insulin and insulin resistance, as well as the role of genetics and lifestyle in the evolution of insulin resistance and knowledge of the many common diseases associated with insulin resistance; in the final section of the review, certain diets and exercises have been suggested to help reduce insulin resistance.

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Section: Insulin Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Diabetes Mellitusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consequences of Insulin Resistance Long Term in the Body and Its Association with the Development of Chronic Diseases

Al-Badrani¹,

Al-Sowayan²

2022

JBM

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New Biomarkers as Prognostic Factors for Cardiovascular Complications in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

et al. 2018

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This study was initiated to explore some novel biomarkers like pro-inflammatory markers (chemerin and visfatin) and anti-inflammatory marker (omentin-1) as prognostic factors for cardiovascular complications in type 2 diabetic patients. Forty diabetic patients without cardiovascular disease, 40 diabetic patients with cardiovascular disease and twenty healthy control counterparts were included in this study. Serum chemerin, omentin-1 and visfatin levels were quantified. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was done to identify the cut off value for each marker. The mean serum level of chemerin was 57.65 ± 15.69 ng/l in diabetic patients versus 93.97 ± 26.62 ng/l for the cardio-diabetic ones (P \ 0.0001). The mean serum level of omentin-1 was 8.77 ± 1.53 ng/ml in diabetic patients versus 1.76 ± 0.96 ng/ml for the cardio-diabetic ones (P \ 0.0001). The mean level of visfatin was 1.44 ± 0.71 ug/l in diabetic patients versus 3.92 ± 3.32 ug/l for the cardio-diabetic ones (P \ 0.0001). Chemerin and Visfatin levels were significantly enhanced in the cardio-diabetic patients with increasing C-reactive protein (CRP), triglycerides (TG), fasting blood glucose (FBG), micro-albumin and cholesterol. Omentin-1 level was significantly reduced in the cardio-diabetic patients with increasing CRP, TG, FBG, and cholesterol. It was observed that the area under curve for chemerin, omentin-1and visfatin was 0.877, 0.998 and 0.735, respectively. In conclusion, this study evidences that the measuring serum levels of chemerin, omentin-1 and visfatin may help in the prognosis of cardiovascular complications in type 2 diabetic patients.

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Chemerin, Visfatin, Omentin-1 and Their Gene Polymorphisms Associated With Diabetes Associated Chronic Kidney Disease

Ahmed,

Vasanthan,

Vinodhini

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing rapidly, especially in India, mainly because of the increasing prevalence of obesity and unhealthy lifestyles. These trigger an increase in the prevalence of macrovascular (cardiovascular) and microvascular (nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy) complications of T2DM. One such microvascular complication of T2DM is diabetes associated-chronic kidney disease (CKD). Estimates suggest that almost 40% of T2DM patients develop diabetes associated-CKD, which not only affects their normal lifestyle but also reduces their life expectancy by 16 years. The current study aimed to provide two pro-inflammatory markers, Chemerin and Visfatin, and one anti-inflammatory marker, Omentin-1, which may help in diagnosis, prognosis and treatment planning in diabetes-associated CKD patients. Estimates suggest that multiple environmental and genetic factors contribute to diabetes-associated CKD. However, the exact link between genetic variation and diabetes associated-CKD is still a field of research. This research study is designed to contribute towards the finding of a link between genetic variation and diabetes-associated CKD by determining the association of rs17173608 polymorphism of the RARRES2 (Chemerin) gene, rs9770242 and rs1319501 polymorphisms of the NAMPT (Visfatin) gene, rs2274907 and rs2274908 polymorphisms of the Omentin-1 gene to the susceptibility of diabetes-associated CKD. Methods The case-control study was conducted at tertiary care center, south India. The total sample size of the study was calculated to be 180 (n = 180), which further divided into 3 equal groups two case groups: sixty participants with T2DM (Group-I), sixty participants with diabetes-associated CKD (Group-II), and one control group with sixty age (25–65years) and sex-matched normal healthy participants. Serum Chemerin, Visfatin, and Omentin-1 levels were quantified and compared among all the groups. Regression analysis was conducted to find the association of these inflammatory markers and their gene polymorphism with the development of CKD among T2DM partcipants. Findings Elevated serum Chemerin in participants with T2DM [3168.90 (1985.78, 6822.02)]ng/ml, with further elevated levels in participants with diabetes-associated CKD [5571.70 (2645.05, 14072.00)]ng/ml was observed as compared to normal healthy participants [1465.85 (638.58, 2574.25)]ng/ml. Similarly, elevated serum Visfatin in participants with T2DM [38.34 (32.31, 72.73)]ng/ml, with further elevated levels in participants with diabetes-associated CKD [46.61 (31.45, 131.07)]ng/ml was observed as compared to normal healthy participants 14.22(8.865, 18.619)]ng/ml. However, decreased serum Omentin-1 in participants with T2DM [0.92 (0.86, 0.97)]ng/ml and in participants with diabetes-associated CKD [0.83 (0.60, 0.92)]ng/ml was observed, as compared to normal healthy participants [1.23 ± (1.09–1.48)]ng/ml. Regression analysis revealed that increase in Visfatin levels increase the risk of development of CKD among T2DM as well as decrease Visfatin levels increase the risk of development of CKD among T2DM. Area Under the curve (AUC) for these inflammatory marker was found to be 0.953, suggesting the good validity of these markers in predicting the development of risk of CKD among T2DM. Chemerin rs17173608 and Visfatin rs9770242, rs1319501 gene polymorphism were found to be associated with increase risk of development CKD among T2DM patients. Interpretation The above findings clearly indicate that estimation of serum Chemerin, Visfatin, and Omentin-1 levels and their specific polymorphism may have significant role in diagnosis and prognosis of diabetes associated complications like CKD.

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Exploration of the Relationship between Adipocytokines, Tradition Risk Markers, Nontraditional Risk Markers and Anthropometric Measurements in T2DM Patients

Cited by 3 publications

References 113 publications

Consequences of Insulin Resistance Long Term in the Body and Its Association with the Development of Chronic Diseases

Consequences of Insulin Resistance Long Term in the Body and Its Association with the Development of Chronic Diseases

New Biomarkers as Prognostic Factors for Cardiovascular Complications in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Chemerin, Visfatin, Omentin-1 and Their Gene Polymorphisms Associated With Diabetes Associated Chronic Kidney Disease

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