Exploration of Productivity, Chemical Composition, and Antioxidant Potential of Origanum vulgare L. Grown at Different Geographical Locations of Western Himalaya, India

Abstract

Origanum vulgare L., the most complex and variable species of the genus Origanum, is used to cure various diseases in the traditional medicinal system. In the current investigation, O. vulgare was collected from its natural origin and further multiplied for two years at the experimental farm of DIBER field station, Auli, and afterwards, it was grown at three different altitudes, i.e., DIBER field station of Auli (2744 m), Pithoragarh (1524 m), and Haldwani (412 m), under natural field conditions. The essential oil was extracted using the Clevenger apparatus and analyzed by GC/MS and GC/FID. The total phenolic, flavonoid, and tannin content in the methanolic extracts of all the cultivations were estimated by using Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, aluminium chloride reagent, and Folin–Denis methods, respectively. The antioxidant activity of the essential oils and extracts of all the cultivations was also estimated by DPPH, ABTS, and reducing power methods. The highest amount of phenolics, flavonoids, and tannins was obtained in the Pithoragarh cultivation. Thymol was the major component in all the essential oils contributing 38.81% (Auli), 52.83% (Pithoragarh), and 31.86% (Haldwani) of the total oil. The highest antioxidant activity was exhibited by oregano oil of Pithoragarh cultivation, followed by Auli and Haldwani, respectively. The alcoholic extract of Pithoragarh cultivation had the highest antioxidant activity. The study infers that the plant demonstrated good results in terms of fresh weight, oil yield, antioxidant potential, and EO composition when grown at higher altitudes.

Essential oil composition and antimicrobial potential of aromatic plants grown in the mid-hill conditions of the Western Himalayas

“…The different altitudinal ranges, viz., Auli (2744 m), Pithoragarh (1524 m), and Haldwani (412 m) in Western Himalayan region under natural field conditions specified thymol as the foremost component with higher concentration (52.83%) in intermediate altitude, i.e. 1524 m amsl and lowest in lower altitude 62 thus corroborates the present findings with 43.13 ± 0.97% of thymol at an almost similar range of altitude at 1325 m amsl in the Western Himalayan region. The constituents 3'-terpinene and p-cymene (biosynthetic precursors) of carvacrol and thymol in oregano were influenced by environmental factors (thermal) thus influencing the qualitative composition of oregano 63 .…”

Antiviral foods in the battle against viral infections: Understanding the molecular mechanism

“…Antiviral herbs such as oregano, tulsi, fennel, peppermint, pokeweed, black nightshade, and aloe vera boost defense and may be used to treat respiratory diseases such as mucus congestion, which can be a breeding ground for germs and viruses. Consuming tea made from ginger, garlic, and a tablespoon of thyme and oregano is associated with reduced odds of respiratory diseases (Goyal et al, 2021). The mechanism of action of many herbs has been proved by clinical trials.…”

GENOTOXICIDADE, CAPACIDADE PROLIFERATIVA E ANÁLISE FITOQUÍMICA DOS EXTRATOS AQUOSOS DE Origanum majorana L.

“…Nesse contexto, deve-se optar pela produção de produtos de qualidade que contenham os compostos desejados. Para isso, deve-se atentar para o fato de os princípios 198 Rev Cient da Fac Educ e Meio Ambiente: Revista Científica da Faculdade de Educação e Meio Ambiente -FAEMA, Ariquemes, v. 14, n. 2, p. 196-209, 2023. ativos das plantas poderem ser influenciados por fatores climáticos (temperatura, umidade, altitude, latitude) (6) , colheita, secagem, transporte e armazenamento. Dentre esses fatores, cabe ressaltar que o método de secagem de plantas medicinais é um processo crucial, tendo como objetivo retirar a água da planta, reduzindo assim os teores de umidade para melhorar a capacidade de conservação e durabilidade, mantendo suas qualidades físicas e químicas por mais tempo (7) .…”