Exploration of polyelectrolytes as draw solutes in forward osmosis processes

Ge, Qingchun; Su, Juing‐Huei; Amy, Gary L.; Chung, Tai Shung

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2011.12.043

Cited by 303 publications

(204 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Similar trends were also found in previous works, where polyelectrolytes with large molecular weights can't expand fully at high-concentration due to the limited space [23]. However, the viscosity of STPH solution of a low concentration of 0.5 g/mL is lower than that of most other reported draw solutions [17,[25][26][27], suggesting its great potential as a good draw solute candidate for FO applications. with the increase in the solution concentration.…”

Section: Concentration Effect Of Stph Solutionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…In recent years, various novel draw solutes with enhanced properties have been reported based on different design strategies, including magnetic nanoparticles with enhanced surface hydrophilicity or expanded molecular size [11][12][13], and organic compounds with improved volatility [14,15] or physicochemical properties [16], etc. Previous works have reported polyacrylic acid salts (PAA-Na) with various molecular weights ranging from 1200 Da to 5000 Da [17], and Polyamidoamine with terminal carboxyl groups (PAMAM-COONa) [18] as novel draw solutes with good FO performance. Recently, we also demonstrated a novel ethylenediamine tetrapropionic sodium salts (EDTP) with multiple carboxyl groups [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sodium Tetraethylenepentamine Heptaacetate as Novel Draw Solute for Forward Osmosis—Synthesis, Application and Recovery

Long

Wang

2015

Energies

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Abstract:Osmotic energy, as a sustainable energy source with little environmental impact, has drawn much attention in both academia and industry in recent years. Osmotically driven membrane processes can harvest the osmotic energy and thus have great potential to produce sustainable clean water or electric energy. The draw solution, as an osmotic component, has been more and more explored by scientists in recent years in order to achieve a high osmotic pressure and suitable molecular size. In this work, a novel draw solute-sodium tetraethylenepentamine heptaacetate (STPH)-is synthesized and identified by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 1 H-NMR) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). Its solution properties are optimized in terms of the solution pH and concentration, and related to the forward osmosis (FO) performance. A water flux of 28.57 LMH and a low solute flux of 0.45 gMH can be generated with 0.5 g/mL STPH draw solution and de-ionized water (DI water) as the feed solution under pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) mode, which is superior to the FO performance with many other draw solutes reported. Further FO desalination test shows a stable water flux of 9.7 LMH with 0.3 g/mL STPH draw solution and 0.6 M NaCl feed solution. In addition, the draw solution recovery is also investigated.

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Section: Concentration Effect Of Stph Solutionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sodium Tetraethylenepentamine Heptaacetate as Novel Draw Solute for Forward Osmosis—Synthesis, Application and Recovery

Long

Wang

2015

Energies

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“…Osmotic pressures of as high as ~105 atm and ~85 atm were produced by 2.0 M Na-Fe-CA and Na-Co-CA solutions, respectively. Meanwhile, the solutions of these complexes have much lower viscosity compared with those of PAA-Na series at their highest studied concentrations, [72] indicative of higher diffusion coefficient of hydroacid complexes and hence lower ICP during FO processes. Accordingly, a high water flux of around 50.0 LMH and negligible reverse flux were achieved by a 2.0 M Na-Fe-CA draw solution when DI water as the feed solution against a TFC-PES membrane.…”

Section: Hydroacid Complexes As Draw Solutesmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…[28,40,69,70] To overcome these problems, synthetic draw solutes have been extensively investigated as draw solutes recently. [46,67,68] Ge and her coworkers [71][72][73] have conducted considerable studies on the design and synthesis of novel draw solutes. Some typically synthetic draw solutes will be specifically discussed as follows.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regardless of high water permeability, however, draw solutes made from small electrolytes usually have severe reverse solute diffusion in FO processes. In view of this, Ge et al [72] synthesized a series of polyelectrolytes of polyacrylic acid sodium salts (PAA-Na) from PAA with different molecular weights for the FO process. The configurations of PAA and PAA-Na in their aqueous solutions are illustrated in Figure 4.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Progress in Forward Osmosis Membrane Separation Process

Chen¹,

Xu²,

Ge³

2017

Self Cite

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Forward osmosis (FO) has been extensively investigated and demonstrated its advantages in a range of FO applications over the past decade. However, challenges still remain in terms of the lack of both efficient FO membranes and appropriate draw solutes for practical FO applications. To promote the advancement of FO technology, considerable efforts have been made in exploring novel FO membranes and draw solutes in recent years. This paper will provide a short review on the progress of both FO membranes and draw solutes. First of all, a brief overview on FO principle is given. Then the progress in FO technology related to FO membrane and draw solute is presented with specific examples. Finally, challenges and future directions of FO technology in exploring efficient FO membranes and promising draw solutes are also highlighted. This article may provide new insights into the future development of FO technology and promote practical FO applications.Keywords forward osmosis, draw solution, forward osmosis membrane, forward osmosis application IntroductionFreshwater shortage has been becoming a more and more severe problem globally. [1][2][3][4] To mitigate this problem, various technologies for clean water production have been explored worldwide recently. [5][6][7][8][9] Membrane technology has shown a great potential in water treatment in view of the advantages of no phase change, strong adaptability, relatively simple operation and low cost. [5,[10][11][12] A range of pressure-driven membrane processes, such as microfiltration (MF), [13][14][15][16] ultrafiltration (UF), [13,17,18] nanofiltration (NF), [19][20][21] and reverse osmosis (RO) [22][23][24][25][26] have been extensively used for clean water production through either wastewater reuse or brackish water/ seawater desalination. However, some issues, such as severe membrane fouling, low water recovery rate, intensive-energy consumption and relatively low quality of product water, occur frequently during these processes. [10,13,17,23,27] FO has been recognized as a promising membrane process because of the following characteristics: (1) no requirement of hydraulic pressure; (2) a relatively high water recovery rate; (3) low membrane fouling propensity due to the absence of hydraulic pressure; (4) environmental friendliness. Given these merits, FO technology has been applied to a wide range of fields, such as seawater/brackish water desalination, [4,24,28] wastewater treatment, [8,[29][30][31] and many other areas. [32][33][34][35][36] Although FO exhibits a great potential in alleviating the issues caused by freshwater shortage, challenges, such as relatively low water permeability, high reverse solute diffusion, severe concentration polarization (CP), and membrane fouling, are still present in FO applications. [37][38][39] To eliminate these problems, exploration of appropriate semi-permeable FO membrane and draw solute is urgently needed. Great efforts have been made in the development of FO technology in recent years, and a wide range of powerful FO membra...

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Forward Osmosis

McCutcheon

Huang

2013

Encyclopedia of Membrane Science and Technology

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Engineered osmosis (EO) is an emerging membrane separations platform capable of purifying water, dewatering solutions, or generating power. An osmotic agent, or draw solution, is used to drive water by osmosis across a membrane. This flow is then harnessed for purification or power generation. This chapter offers an overview of the EO platform technology through discussion of its promised benefits, its challenges, and its role in the future of membrane separations.

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Exploration of polyelectrolytes as draw solutes in forward osmosis processes

Cited by 303 publications

References 24 publications

Sodium Tetraethylenepentamine Heptaacetate as Novel Draw Solute for Forward Osmosis—Synthesis, Application and Recovery

Sodium Tetraethylenepentamine Heptaacetate as Novel Draw Solute for Forward Osmosis—Synthesis, Application and Recovery

Progress in Forward Osmosis Membrane Separation Process

Forward Osmosis

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