Exploration of endonasal endoscopic repair of pediatric cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea

Management of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea: an evidence‐based review with recommendations

“…The general finding of these studies was that there is no significant difference in repair success rate between free tissue grafts and vascularized flaps, or for any other repair technique or material used. Results all fell within the standard overall success rate of 70% to 100% on first attempt,,,, and 86% to 100% on second attempt ,,…”

“…There are a variety of different graft materials available for endoscopic repair of CSF leaks, including fat, bone, allografts, free mucosal grafts, and vascularized grafts, as well as glues or sealants to secure these materials in place. Following an extensive literature search on the topic of endoscopic repair for CSF rhinorrhea, the overall success rate ranges from 70% to 100% on first attempt,,,, and 86% to 100% on second attempt,, for all reported repair materials. We conducted a review of the available literature to determine if any of these methods are superior with supporting literature.…”

A Systematic Review of Secondary Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks

“…Independently, meningoencephaloceles or encephaloceles were associated with primary leaks in 17 studies 12,17,24,30,34,38,40,44,49,53,75,82,98,101,102,104,108 or 192 primary leaks. The distribution of the primary etiology for secondary leaks (the source of the primary leak that recurred) was available for 51 studies 4,6,9,11,12,14,17,21,23,27,29,31–40,43,45–49,52–54,56,57,59,62,65,66,68,71,72,76,80,81,86,89–91,94,…”

Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leak of the sphenoid sinus mimicking allergic rhinitis, and managed successfully by a ventriculoperitoneal shunt: a case report

“…However, the endoscopic technique became the primary approach to the treatment of CSF leaks due to its many advantages such as safety and fast postoperative recovery without facial scars [20]. Wigand first reported a successful procedure in 1981 [21].…”

“…Wigand first reported a successful procedure in 1981 [21]. The success rate of the endoscopic technique is reported as 90 % at the first attempt, increasing to 97 % at the second attempt [2, 7, 20]. The defects can be covered by materials including a tissue graft such as abdominal fat, nasal mucosa, galeal frontalis flap, musculature, lyophilized dura mater or fascia lata, which is very suitable because it is autologous material and does not shrink in the way that other tissues, such as muscle, do [19, 22].…”