Exploiting paracrine mechanisms of tissue regeneration to repair damaged organs

Anthony, Diana F.; Shiels, Paul G.

doi:10.1186/2047-1440-2-10

Cited by 65 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…This role of new neurons in memory is currently considered the dominant functional output of adult neurogenesis. However, recent research has revealed that transplanted embryonic stem cells can aid in injury recovery by secreting growth factors while undifferentiated (3,4). The secretion of functionally relevant growth factors from endogenous adult hippocampal NSPCs has yet to be reported.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Adult hippocampal neural stem and progenitor cells regulate the neurogenic niche by secreting VEGF

Kirby

Kuwahara

Messer

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

123

100

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The adult hippocampus hosts a population of neural stem and progenitor cells (NSPCs) that proliferates throughout the mammalian life span. To date, the new neurons derived from NSPCs have been the primary measure of their functional relevance. However, recent studies show that undifferentiated cells may shape their environment through secreted growth factors. Whether endogenous adult NSPCs secrete functionally relevant growth factors remains unclear. We show that adult hippocampal NSPCs secrete surprisingly large quantities of the essential growth factor VEGF in vitro and in vivo. This self-derived VEGF is functionally relevant for maintaining the neurogenic niche as inducible, NSPC-specific loss of VEGF results in impaired stem cell maintenance despite the presence of VEGF produced from other niche cell types. These findings reveal adult hippocampal NSPCs as an unanticipated source of an essential growth factor and imply an exciting functional role for adult brain NSPCs as secretory cells.adult neurogenesis | vascular endothelial growth factor | stem cell | hippocampus | neural precursor

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Adult hippocampal neural stem and progenitor cells regulate the neurogenic niche by secreting VEGF

Kirby

Kuwahara

Messer

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

123

100

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“…Paracrine effect is defined as a form of communication between two different cells. One releases chemical mediators to its immediate environment, resulting in a change in the behavior of a cell in its adjacent environment (Anthony and Shiels, 2013).…”

Section: _______________mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aside from the observation that SCs infusion may induce autologus release of a multitude of growth factors and cytokines to induce the reparative process, SCs release microvesicles and exosomes that may produce paracrine factors required for tissue repair (Anthony and Shiels, 2013). Paracrine factors released by transplanted cells accounted for improvements, and it appears that the route of cell transplantation is not critical for realizing benefits of cell therapy (Cheng et al, 2013).…”

Section: Advances In Stem Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Paracrine factors released by transplanted cells accounted for improvements, and it appears that the route of cell transplantation is not critical for realizing benefits of cell therapy (Cheng et al, 2013). Paracrine-mediated tissue repair is to be exploited via genetic engineering of stem, progenitor or other cells to deliver various beneficial mediators to stimulate regenerative processes in damaged tissues (Anthony and Shiels, 2013).…”

Section: Advances In Stem Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stem Cell’s Behavioral Effects in Rats in a Model of Alzheimer’s Disease

Bertuzzi¹,

Rosa²,

Ourique³

et al. 2014

ASC

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder related to aging and central nervous system dysfunctions. Besides compromising the memory, AD is responsible for deficits in attention, orientation, organization, the capacity of planning and judging, among other cognitive functions, leading to the inability of living independently. The pharmacological treatment is only palliative. Thus, researches on stem cells implants emerge as promising prospects for the cure of central nervous system's disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of stem cells implants from human dental pulp, human adipose tissue and mice renal tissue on the behavior of rats in a model for AD. To this purpose, male adult rats of Wistar strain underwent stereotactic surgery for lesions of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis with unilateral AMPA infusions. Twenty one days from surgery for lesions, In the elevated T-maze, the significant mean was identified in the inhibitory avoidance (p= 0.028). Implants of stem cells demonstrated an improvement in the performance of implanted animals compared to the non-implanted group.

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“…Since the first attempt to use them for regenerative purposes in vivo in 1950 [10,11], adult MSC have been identified as alternative therapeutic tools to help recover tissue functionality in various syndromes, including Parkinson's [12], Alzheimer's [13] (Table 1), with no detrimental effects over a 6.8-years period [19][20][21]. The regenerative potential attributed to transplanted MSC is mainly due to their capability to migrate to the site of injury/inflammation/tumor (chemotaxis) and support tissue homeostasis by enhancing the nutrient supply to endogenous cells [22]. Through the release of bioactive soluble factors (lipids, gases, growth factors and cytokines) MSC are known to inhibit apoptosis and fibrosis, enhance angiogenesis, stimulate mitosis and/or differentiation of tissue-resident progenitor cells and modulate the immune response [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%