Explicit and Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of a Novel Polo Helmet Design: A Parametric Study

Abstract

Polo is a popular sport in New Zealand, Australia, the United Kingdom, and many other European countries. Polo is a vigorous sport involving players and horses moving at speed and can result in head injuries caused by falls. Helmets play a vital role in the safety and protection of polo players. This study investigates different hemispheric bumper shapes of the helmet to improve the impact resistance performance using finite element analysis (FEA) and Explicit Dynamic Analysis (EDA). The aerodynamic performance of the proposed helmet is investigated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to account for drag impact on the polo player's speed. These are investigated for impact resistance and the drag coefficient under different speeds. The EDA results show that the new proposed bumper will absorb the impact and reduce the energy transferred to the inside foam at a relative impact speed of 6.2 m/s, as recommended by the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), with a maximum total deformation of 4.42 mm compared to 4.19 mm and 3.85 mm for impact speeds of 5.9 m/s by the European standard PAS 015:2011 helmets for equestrian use and 5.42 m/s BS EN 1078 helmets for bicyclists' use, respectively. Additionally, under speeds ranging from 15 km/h to 65 km/h, the new helmet demonstrated a drag coefficient of 0.454, similar to that of the national team helmet, at 0.423.

The Physiological Requirements of and Nutritional Recommendations for Equestrian Riders

“…Injuries whilst riding or working with horses are relatively common and range from mild to severe in nature, with falling, being kicked, or a head injury being the most commonly reported injuries [208,222,223]. Concussions are an obvious concern, with an incidence documented at 0.19 per 1000 h of riding [224].…”