Explicating perceived barriers to mammography for the USCREEN project: concerns about breast implants, faith violations, and perceived recommendations

Abstract

In line with the health belief model, perceived barriers have proven to be a key determinant of intentions to screen for breast cancer. The standard measure of perceived barriers to breast cancer screening is an 11 item scale developed by Victoria Champion. However, perceived barriers emerge and change over time, and Champion's perceived barriers scale was last revised in 1999. Moreover, the original scale did not address barriers which may be more pronounced in particular populations, such as congruity of action with faith. As part of the Utah Screening Project, a sample of women 40-74 (N = 341, Mage = 51.19, SD = 8.11) were recruited from four Utah counties in 2014 to complete a survey. The results revealed that the four new perceived barrier items explained 6.4 % of intentions to screen, above and beyond other predictors. In addition to barriers identified in past research, the current study identified several novel barriers including (a) concerns about negative effects to breast implants, (b) perceived conflict with faith, and the (c) perception that mammography is no longer recommended. The new perceived barriers items are useful to researchers interested in exploring barriers not addressed by the original instrument. The barriers also suggest potential belief-based targets and channels (e.g., plastic surgery clinics, faith-based interventions) for delivering mammography interventions.

Social Distancing, Health Concerns, and Digitally Empowered Consumption Behavior Under COVID-19: A Study on Livestream Shopping Technology

“…All of the items were developed based on previous research and the opinions of relevant experts and academics to ensure they were valid. Each construct was measured using four items each from the following sources: perceived susceptibility from Yuen et al ( 7 ) and Huang et al ( 31 ); perceived severity from Huang et al ( 31 ); perceived benefits from Zhao and Bacao ( 8 ) and Park et al ( 57 ); perceived barriers from Huang et al ( 31 ), Zhao and An ( 24 ), Jensen et al ( 58 ), and Wang et al ( 59 ); trust from Zhao and Bacao ( 8 ); attitude from Chatzisarantis et al ( 60 ); and behavioral intention from Ma ( 2 ) and Yuen et al ( 7 ). A five-point Likert scale ranging from 1 = “strongly disagree” to 5 = “strongly agree” was used to evaluate these items.…”

Evidências de Validade da Champion’s Health Belief Model Scale para o Brasil

“…Conforme apontado pela literatura, o uso da CHBMS no rastreamento mamográfico auxilia na intimação de mulheres pelos serviços de saúde para realização da mamografia, bem como no desenvolvimento de estratégias de intervenção para aumento da adesão. (31)(32)(33) Os resultados de outras pesquisas metodológicas sobre a CHBMS foram semelhantes aos dados aqui apresentados, no que se refere à metodologia apresentada, diferindo em alguns aspectos, como na composição dos especialistas que integraram o comitê de juízes, período de intervalo entre as etapas e tamanho amostral do público-alvo. Apesar dessas diferenças, a CHBMS mostrou-se como instrumento válido, confiável e de fácil entendimento para uso entre as mulheres de diferentes países envolvidos.…”

“…Apesar dessas diferenças, a CHBMS mostrou-se como instrumento válido, confiável e de fácil entendimento para uso entre as mulheres de diferentes países envolvidos. (24,(31)(32)(33) Os itens da escala original foram explicados com três fatores, corroborando com achados desta pesquisa e outros encontrados na literatura. (12,26,27,35) Porém, em estudo desenvolvido na Turquia, com 209 mulheres de duas instituições educativas voltadas para o público feminino, os resultados indicaram ajuste do modelo fatorial para representação por quatro fatores, demonstrando que a versão turca da escala foi composta dos três fatores da versão original, acrescido de mais um Fator denominado 'Prejudices' que incluiu cinco itens indicadores de atitudes preconceituosas das mulheres em relação à mamografia.…”

Gendered and racialized social expectations, barriers, and delayed breast cancer diagnosis

“…26,50 There may be many reasons why this could happen. At first glance, this finding might contradict what we conventionally conceptualize as barriers to timely cancer screening.…”

“…This also means that when a woman reports that she does not have barriers, it may mean that perceptions of barriers may be influenced by their beliefs about health and self-efficacy in order to identify and report a barrier. 26,50 There may be many reasons why this could happen. For one, some scholars have explored how minority women, particularly black women may have the “superwomen” ideal.…”