Objective: To present information on 1st year interval breast cancer from the New South Wales mammographic screening programme and to compare with published results from trials and services. Setting: New South Wales data were derived from a population based biennial mammographic screening programme, which achieved statewide coverage in 1995. Women aged 50-69 years screened during 1995-7 were included. Methods: Bilateral two view mammography with reading by two radiologists is used for biennial screening examinations. Interval cancers were detected by the screening programme and by linkage with the statewide cancer registry. In situ carcinoma was excluded. Incidence of interval cancer was estimated as a proportion of the expected underlying incidence of breast cancer. Comparative data were derived from the published literature and meta-analyses were performed. Results: Although randomised trials of screening have a proportional incidence by meta-analysis of 19% (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 12% to 25%), service studies yield a proportional incidence by meta-analysis of 27% (95% CI 25% to 30%), and more than half report proportional incidences greater than 25%. In the New South Wales mammographic screening programme the proportional incidence of interval breast cancer was 33% (95% CI 29% to 38%) for ages 50-59 years, 28% (95% CI 24% to 32%) for ages 60-69 years, and 31% (95% CI 28% to 34%) for ages 50-69 years combined. Proportional incidence in the New South Wales programme for ages 50-69 years was not significantly different from the rate for service studies by meta-analysis. Conclusions: Effectiveness of mammographic screening for reducing mortality from breast cancer needs to be examined relative to rates of interval cancer from actual service situations as trials may concentrate resources and expertise in ways which may be less replicable in routine delivery of the service.
Introduction: adolescence is a phase that entails biopsychosocial changes with specific emotional and behavioral impact on sexual and reproductive health of both sexes. The World Health Organization considers adolescents to be the ages from 10 to 19 years. Chronologically this is important for epidemiological research, for development of public health policies , to define programs and specific actions for this audience. The concern with the sexual and reproductive health of adolescents is due to early onset of sexual activity, which contributes to expose these young people to the risks of unplanned pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases. Objective: to identify the sources of information used by adolescents in public schools about sexuality and reproduction. Methods: descriptive quantitative study. There were 90 Semi-structured interviews applied to adolescents with predominant age between 16 and 19 years old from the second year of high school in a Public School located in the urban periphery of a capital in the northeast of Brazil. Results: it was observed that the adolescents of this study has a relatively high accessibility to the educational activities in the area of sexual and reproductive health. The school was the main area cited by the participants of the study. As for the search for information on the subject, friends are the most sought after by adolescents. Afterwards, the most often cited are family members. The majority of the adolescents said that the source of information most sought was television (35.5%), followed by the internet, books and magazines. Contraception was practiced by only 14 (36.9%) of the adolescents.
In rural area, control of breast cancer is related to health promotion and early diagnosis, which includes knowledge, awareness, and stimulating behavioral change, emphasizing screening for disease. The present study was developed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of rural women about early detection of breast cancer in the Primary Health Care Centre. This is a cross-sectional study in a Primary Health Care Centre with 243 rural women participating in the public health service. Data collection was made by a self-administered questionnaire which included sociodemographic characteristics, questions on breast cancer risk factors, screening, and diagnostic methods. Marks were attributed to each question and calculated for each section. Participants fell in three categories of knowledge, attitude, and practice: appropriate, regular and inappropriate. Knowledge, attitude, and practice of early detection methods were considered especially appropriate for those rural women with education and higher economic level, but inadequate responses to such methods were still significant. It is noted that there is still a significant number of rural women who do not have basic knowledge regarding early detection methods of breast cancer, contributing to the non-realization of these methods, as its advocates.
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