Explaining transit expenses in US urbanised areas: Urban scale, spatial form and fiscal capacity

Zhao, Jerry Zhirong; Lou, Shengnan; Fonseca, Camila; Feiock, Richard C.; Shen, Ruowen

doi:10.1177/0042098019892582

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 48 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Under the influence of this unique economic structure, local governments also have a greater responsibility for the provision of local public services and the construction of infrastructure. Urban areas with higher population density ensure sufficient tax revenues by making earmarked and comprehensive regulations and policies to invest in infrastructure construction for the future (a sign of rapid urbanisation) or preferential treatment by the central government to selected areas (intergovernmental fiscal relations) (Hannay and Wachs, 2007; Zhao et al, 2021). In this way, basic infrastructure and public services in large cities are more generally accessible, with super-linear behaviours presenting as the products of government decision-making (Meirelles et al, 2018).…”

Section: Conclusion and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban scaling in rapidly urbanising China

Lei

Jiao

et al. 2021

Urban Studies

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Understanding the scaling characteristics in China is critical for perceiving the development process of rapidly urbanising countries. This paper conducts a comprehensive scaling analysis with quantitative assessment of a large number of diverse urban indicators of 275 Chinese cities. Our findings confirm that urban scaling laws can also be applied to rapidly urbanising China but demonstrate some unique features echoing its distinct urbanisation. Chinese urban population agglomeration results in more effective economic production but the economies of scale for infrastructure are less obvious. Some urban indicators associated with infrastructure and living facilities surprisingly scale super-linearly with urban population size, contrary to expected sublinear scaling behaviours. In developing countries, different-sized cities have diverse agglomeration, industrial and resource allocation advantages, which can be reflected by scaling exponents. We characterise these unique features in detail, exploring the spatial disparities and temporal evolution of scaling exponents ( β). Strong regional variations and differences are particularly pronounced in Northeast China and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration. Scaling exponent variations over time reflect the temporal evolution of the urban system and measure the coordination and balance of urbanisation. Economic output was most efficient in 2009 and β of GDP was slightly greater than 1.15 in recent years. Urban land expansion has been accelerating since 2000 with β remaining around 0.85–0.90. The study of urban scaling in China is enlightening in elaborating the uniqueness and coordination of urban development in rapidly urbanising countries and provides support in formulating differentiated urban planning for different-sized cities to promote coordinated development.

show abstract

Section: Conclusion and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban scaling in rapidly urbanising China

Lei

Jiao

et al. 2021

Urban Studies

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Expenditures on transit show are insignificant or (weakly) significant and negative. This is in line with the insignificant effects found for subways in other work (Gonzalez-Navarro & Turner, 2018;Zhao, Lou, Fonseca, Feiock, & Shen, 2020). However, positive Tiebouteffects are also commonly found for transit, especially in China (Dai, Bai, & Xu, 2016;Li et al, 2019;Zhang et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

The Economic Impact of Local Government

Jong¹

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This dissertation studies the relationship between local governments and their local economic system. It is motivated by the increased transfer of power from central and regional government to local governments. The economic effects of this increase in local governmental power remain highly debated and the empirical evidence is still mixed. This dissertation adds new insights to the debate on the economic impacts of local governments by taking a detailed empirical approach. The main research question is: To what extent, and in what ways, do local governments contribute to local economic development?Answers to the research question are provided through four chapters, which seek to empirically examine, in great and novel detail, how the structure and fiscal composition of local governments affect local economic performance.The empirical analyses start by entering the debate on decentralization, shedding a light on the economic effects of the increased transfer of power to local governments through detailed analyses. It makes the argument that the economic effects of decentralization are contingent on the quality of local governments, as well as the opposite argument, that the economic effects of the quality of local government is contingent on the degree of decentralization. Empirical analyses on European cities show that cities with high local autonomy, high quality of government, and low horizontal fragmentation are best performing. Furthermore, empirical analyses show that organizational autonomy, policy scope, discretion and vertical autonomy are most important for generating positive economic effects.

show abstract

“…Traditionally in the literature, the public sets the demand for public goods that will benefit them. Empirical studies demonstrated that the demographics of demanders, their socioeconomic status, and political ideology can significantly affect policy choices (Feiock et al, 2008;Hawkins 2014;Tong et al;Zhao et al). Demanders can express their support for officials through votes, contributions, or other instrumental political resources.…”

Section: Demandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expanding the political market framework to explain executive decision‐making during the COVID‐19 crisis

Curley

Federman

Shen

2023

Public Administration Review

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The traditional political market framework (PMF) argues that elected officials respond to policy demands by adopting policy that furthers their goal of reelection. However, an emerging crisis can make this approach to decision‐making challenging as the immediacy of response, the needs of the public, and technical expertise may conflict with reelection goals. This conflict can encourage elected officials to engage in blame avoidance by delegating policy‐making powers to the bureaucracy. Utilizing a mixed methods approach to analyze state‐level governor responses to COVID‐19, this paper expands the PMF by capturing the influence of bureaucratic demands on elected official decisions to delegate or transfer power to the bureaucracy. We find evidence that bureaucratic expertise, under the right set of circumstances, influences policymaker decisions to delegate policymaking power. Lastly, we advocate for a renewed focus on democratic principles and the consequences of delegation for transparency, accountability, and social equity. In understanding the specific dynamics at play when bureaucrats and executives work to develop policy in crisis, practitioners may gain a better understanding of how to navigate difficult decisions. The specific executive orders across states are not particularly well‐known, and providing evidence of the steps other states took to combat the crisis may prove useful to practitioners in the emergency management space. If practitioners have a more complete understanding of why policy is made and by what mechanisms, they may apply a focus on implementation strategies that are effective and relevant.

show abstract

Explaining transit expenses in US urbanised areas: Urban scale, spatial form and fiscal capacity

Cited by 7 publications

References 48 publications

Urban scaling in rapidly urbanising China

Urban scaling in rapidly urbanising China

The Economic Impact of Local Government

Expanding the political market framework to explain executive decision‐making during the COVID‐19 crisis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About