Explaining Real-Life Events: How Culture and Domain Shape Attributions

Lee, Fiona; Hallahan, Mark; Herzog, Thaddeus A.

doi:10.1177/0146167296227007

Cited by 188 publications

(131 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Evidence reveals differences in causal reasoning (Lee, Hallahan, & Herzog, 1996) and, accordingly, in making predictions (Choi & Nisbett, 1998). Asians understand behavior as the result of complex interactions between dispositional and other situational or contextual factors; Westerners view behavior as a direct manifestation of an actor's disposition.…”

Section: Culture Cognition and The Self Versus Othersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of culture on perception and cognition: A conceptual framework

Kastanakis

Voyer

2014

Journal of Business Research

122

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The authors gratefully acknowledge the suggestions and comments of two anonymous reviewers and the special-issue editor. The authors alone are responsible for all limitations and any errors. 2The effect of culture on perception and cognition: A conceptual framework ABSTRACTResearchers are increasingly recognizing the role of culture as a source of variation in many phenomena of central importance to consumer research. This review addresses a gap in cross-cultural consumer behavior literature by providing a review and conceptual analysis of the effects of culture on pre-behavioral processes (perception and cognition). The article highlights a series of important perceptual and cognitive differences across cultures and offers a new perspective of framing these differences among cultures-that of "culturally conditioned" perceptual and cognitive orientations. The article addresses several theoretical issues and suggests directions for future research as well as managerial implications.

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Section: Culture Cognition and The Self Versus Othersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of culture on perception and cognition: A conceptual framework

Kastanakis

Voyer

2014

Journal of Business Research

122

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“…We hypothesised that collectivistic cultures are higher in metacognitive self-level, than individualistic cultures because of at least fi ve reasons:(i) the independent self is based on stable traits and need biased self-enhancement, whereas interdependent self is more situational constructed and needs self-criticism for social functioning; (ii) the individualistic cultures stress attending to the self and need think positively about the self in biased way more than collectivistic cultures; (iii) the goal of people with interdependent self is to fi t themselves into meaningful relationships -so they need using metacognitive self in case to make proper self-judgement; (iv) in individualistic cultures, with independent self who is separable from others, fundamental attribution error (see : Ross, 1977) happens: others behavior is explained by theirs traits whereas one's actions are more likely to be seen as situational -that bias doesn't appear for interdependent self, where attributions are constructed always with relations with others (see: Lee, Hallahan & Herzog, 1996;Morris & Peng, 1994;, (v) for independent self -construal, thinking about self as individual is the primary unit of consciousness, whereas for interdependent, thinking about self in terms of relationship is more functional unit of conscious refl ection -and that is why more adequate in self and other-judging.…”

Section: Assumptions and Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-cultural differences in metacognitive self

Brycz¹,

Różycka-Tran²,

Szczepanik³

2015

Economics &Amp; Sociology

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Abstract. Th e main aim of this study is to investigate the diff erences between levels of metacognitive self among cultural groups. Metacognitive self is a new concept meaning the level of insight into own biases. We focus on individual versus collective societies as well as the core characteristics of the metacognitive self. Our results indicate better selfinsight among collectivistic nations such as Vietnam, Japan, China and India in comparison to individualistic countries (USA, England, Spain). We also studied the level of metacognitive self among participants from Poland, the country undergoing socio -economic transition from collectivistic to individualistic society. Future studies should expand the investigation to include more collectivistic and individualistic nations, and countries undergoing transitions.

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“…But Asians have been shown repeatedly to be more likely than Americans to explain behavior in terms of situational or Culture, Control and Perception 5 contextual factors, including social roles and obligations (Choi & Nisbett, 1998;Hong, Chiu, & Kung, 1996;Kitayama & Masuda, 1997;Lee, Hallahan, & Herzog, 1996;Miller, 1984;Morris & Peng, 1994;Peng & Nisbett, in press). …”

Section: Causal Perception: Attention To the Field Or To The Objectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Culture, control, and perception of relationships in the environment.

Ji¹,

Peng²,

Nisbett³

2000

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

584

440

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East Asian cognition has been held to be relatively "holistic", that is, attention is paid to the field as a whole. Western cognition, in contrast, has been held to be object-focused and control-oriented. We compared East Asians (mostly Chinese) and Americans on detection of covariation and field dependence. The results showed that (1) Chinese participants reported stronger association between events, were more responsive to differences in covariation, and were more confident about their covariation judgments; (2) These cultural differences disappeared when participants believed they had some control over the covariation judgment task; (3) American participants made fewer mistakes on the Rod-and-Frame test, indicating that they were less field dependent; (4) American performance and confidence, but not that of Asians, increased when participants were given manual control of the test. Possible origins of the perceptual differences are discussed. Characters (with spaces): 958 Culture, Control and Perception 3 Scholars in many disciplines have maintained that people in Asian cultures, especially the East Asian cultures of China, Korea and Japan, have a relatively holistic cognitive orientation, emphasizing relationships and connectedness. The traditional Chinese view, from ancient times forward, is that "the world is a collection of overlapping and interpenetrating stuffs or substances…" (Hansen, 1983, p. 30). Since the Chinese saw the world as interpenetrating and continuous, their attempts to understand it caused them to be oriented toward the complexities of the perceptual or conceptual field taken as a whole (Moore, 1968, p. 3). For the Chinese, the individual object was "not a primary conceptual starting point" (Moser, 1996, p. 169) "[T]he background scheme [of Chinese thought was] that of mass substances rather than that of objects and properties" (Hansen, 1983, p. 31).

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Explaining Real-Life Events: How Culture and Domain Shape Attributions

Cited by 188 publications

References 23 publications

The effect of culture on perception and cognition: A conceptual framework

The effect of culture on perception and cognition: A conceptual framework

Cross-cultural differences in metacognitive self

Culture, control, and perception of relationships in the environment.

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