Explaining combinatorial effects of mycotoxins Deoxynivalenol and Zearalenone in mice with urinary metabolomic profiling

Abstract

Urine metabolic profiling of mice was conducted utilizing gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to investigate the combinatory effect of mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) on the metabolism of the mice. Experiments were conducted by means of five-week-old mice which were individually exposed to 2 mg/kg DON, 20 mg/kg ZEN and the mixture of DON and ZEN (2 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg, respectively). The intragastric administration was applied for three weeks and urine samples were collected for metabolic analysis. Univariate and multivariate analysis were applied to data matrix processing along with respective pathway analysis by MetaMapp and CytoScape. The results showed that the combined DON and ZEN administration resulted in lower significant changes, compared to the individual mycotoxin treated groups verified by heatmap. Metabolic pathways network mapping indicated that the combined mycotoxins treated groups showed a little effect on the metabolites in most pathways, especially in glucose metabolism and its downstream amino acid metabolism. In glucose metabolism, the content of galactose, mannitol, galactonic acid, myo-inositol, tagatose was drastically down-regulated. Furthermore, the organic acids, pyruvate, and amino acids metabolism displayed the same phenomenon. In conclusion, the combined DON/ZEN administration might lead to an “antagonistic effect” in mice metabolism.

1H-NMR metabolomics response to a realistic diet contamination with the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol: Effect of probiotics supplementation

“…Aminoacyl-tRNA synthesis is an ubiquitous cellular process that acts as an interface between nucleic acid and amino acid sequences, by providing the appropriate substrates for the ribosomal translation of messenger RNA during protein synthesis [44]. The impact on glucose and amino acids metabolism was previously identified in two studies on metabolomics profiling of urine, kidney and spleen of Kunming mice exposed to a subclinical dose of DON [45,46]. The metabolism of 2-oxocarboxylic acids or alpha-keto acids highlighted by the metabolite network analysis also fit in the protein synthesis, as they are involved in transamination reactions which occurr during the biosynthesis and catabolism of several amino acids including valine, leucine and isoleucine [47].…”

Untargeted metabolomics analysis by gas chromatography/time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry of human serum from methamphetamine abusers

“…We used a 1‐mg/ml fatty acid/methyl ester mixture (FAMEs; C8–C16: 1 mg/ml; C18–C24: 0.5 mg/ml in chloroform) as the internal standard. The derivatized samples were then analysed in 24 h 14 …”

Bacillus velezensis A2 fermentation exerts a protective effect on renal injury induced by Zearalenone in mice

“…ZEN has harmed animals through food enrichment with cereals, and then it affects human health through the food chain 7 – 9 . ZEN is known to induce cytotoxicity and oxidative damage, and its toxicity primarily manifests in the reproductive system 10 – 12 , the liver 13 , 14 , and the kidneys 15 , 16 . ZEN binds to the estrogen receptor in the cytoplasm; this causes lipid peroxidation and a series of cytotoxic effects that alter serum enzymology and ROS levels 17 , 18 .…”