Expiring Eviction Moratoriums and COVID-19 Incidence and Mortality

Leifheit, Kathryn M.; Linton, Sabriya L.; Raifman, Julia; Schwartz, Gabriel; Benfer, Emily A.; Zimmerman, Frederick J.; Pollack, Craig Evan

doi:10.1093/aje/kwab196

Cited by 80 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic precipitated an economic crisis in the United States that, as a function of the sectors most severely affected, has had a disproportionate impact on renter households (Airgood-Obrycki and Hermann 2021; Kneebone and Murray 2020). As concern grew that job losses might put a growing number of families at risk for eviction, and recognizing that a spike in evictions would likely exacerbate the spread of COVID-19 (Benfer et al 2021; Leifheit et al 2020; Nande et al 2021), policy makers at the federal, state, and local levels initiated an unprecedented array of interventions intended to support residential stability, including temporary eviction moratoria. These policies varied considerably in terms of what protections were afforded, to whom, and for what duration (Benfer et al 2021), but at least initially, they shared a common goal: to prevent housing instability during the public health emergency.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

U.S. Eviction Filing Patterns in 2020

Hepburn

Louis

Fish

et al. 2021

Socius

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The coronavirus pandemic precipitated an economic crisis disproportionately affecting renter households. Attempting to prevent a surge in evictions, policy makers at the federal, state, and local levels extended emergency protections to renters. The authors describe eviction filing patterns in 2020 and analyze the efficacy of eviction moratoria. New filings were reduced dramatically since the start of the pandemic. Between March 15 and December 31, 2020, across sites for which data are available, 65 percent fewer eviction cases were filed than would be expected in a typical year. Extrapolating nationwide, the authors estimate that at least 1.55 million fewer eviction cases were filed in 2020 than in a normal year. The pace at which cases were filed increased in late 2020, however, and the amount of back rent claimed grew considerably. Filing rates exceeded historical averages when protections lapsed. Black and female renters received a disproportionate share of eviction cases filed during the pandemic.

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confidence: 99%

U.S. Eviction Filing Patterns in 2020

Hepburn

Louis

Fish

et al. 2021

Socius

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“…Journal club can be an effective modality to learn from recent publications on disparities of COVID‐19 related to socioeconomic status. In addition to the references above, relevant articles include a case report and public health approach to infection control 31 and the association of housing eviction and public utility moratoria with decreased COVID‐19 incidence and mortality 32,33 …”

Section: Key Topics and Teaching Methods For Homelessness In Emmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prioritizing homelessness in emergency medicine education: A concept paper

Buono

Salhi

Kimmel

et al. 2022

AEM Education and Training

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Patients experiencing homelessness visit the emergency department (ED) often and have worse clinical outcomes. Caring for this patient population is complex, challenging, and resource-intensive. Emergency medicine (EM) education is lacking in formal curricula on the topic of homelessness, despite benefits for resident morale and patient care. Our goals were to identify a gap in EM education and training of the intersection of housing and health and propose educational topics and teaching methods to be included in residency curricula. Methodology was based on the development of a didactic session at the 2021 SAEM Annual Meeting. A needs assessment was performed through a review of medical education literature, a national survey of EM residency curricula, the individual curricula utilized by respective team members, and perspective from the team's own individual experiences with teaching about homelessness. Topics presented were chosen through discussion between the authors and determined to be common and relevant and cover a broad spectrum of content. The four presented topics included the intersection of COVID-19 and housing, the impact of LGBTQIA+ status on homelessness, housing status related to health system utilization and health outcomes, and housing inequity as a means of perpetuating structural racism. Suggestions for education of these topics included case-based learning, journal clubs, simulation, collaboration with social work, quality improvement projects, and engagement with community leaders. The ED is uniquely positioned to encounter the impacts of homelessness on health. Emergency physicians should be prepared to effectively care for these patients with complex social needs. Structured learning on this topic would benefit EM resident growth and lead to better patient care through improved screening, recognition of risk factors, and use of social resources.

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“…For example, Nande and colleagues used counterfactual simulation to estimate the number of COVID-19 cases prevented by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC’s) eviction moratorium during Fall 2020 [ 46 ]. Such work is critical for building short- and long-term support for social and political actions aimed at preventing the uptick in deaths associated with ending these protections [ 47 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

There are no equal opportunity infectors: Epidemiological modelers must rethink our approach to inequality in infection risk

et al. 2022

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Mathematical models have come to play a key role in global pandemic preparedness and outbreak response: helping to plan for disease burden, hospital capacity, and inform nonpharmaceutical interventions. Such models have played a pivotal role in the COVID-19 pandemic, with transmission models—and, by consequence, modelers—guiding global, national, and local responses to SARS-CoV-2. However, these models have largely not accounted for the social and structural factors, which lead to socioeconomic, racial, and geographic health disparities. In this piece, we raise and attempt to clarify several questions relating to this important gap in the research and practice of infectious disease modeling: Why do epidemiologic models of emerging infections typically ignore known structural drivers of disparate health outcomes? What have been the consequences of a framework focused primarily on aggregate outcomes on infection equity? What should be done to develop a more holistic approach to modeling-based decision-making during pandemics? In this review, we evaluate potential historical and political explanations for the exclusion of drivers of disparity in infectious disease models for emerging infections, which have often been characterized as “equal opportunity infectors” despite ample evidence to the contrary. We look to examples from other disease systems (HIV, STIs) and successes in including social inequity in models of acute infection transmission as a blueprint for how social connections, environmental, and structural factors can be integrated into a coherent, rigorous, and interpretable modeling framework. We conclude by outlining principles to guide modeling of emerging infections in ways that represent the causes of inequity in infection as central rather than peripheral mechanisms.

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Expiring Eviction Moratoriums and COVID-19 Incidence and Mortality

Cited by 80 publications

References 21 publications

U.S. Eviction Filing Patterns in 2020

U.S. Eviction Filing Patterns in 2020

Prioritizing homelessness in emergency medicine education: A concept paper

There are no equal opportunity infectors: Epidemiological modelers must rethink our approach to inequality in infection risk

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