Expert Control Systems Implemented in a Pitch Control of Wind Turbine: A Review

Abstract

Wind energy is the strongest renewable energy source developed in recent decades. Being systems that are directly connected to the grid of the electrical system, it is essential to use the maximum available power of the wind and obtain the maximum electrical power converted from the turbine. In this paper, the fundamental problem of the wind turbine is how to obtain at all times the maximum output power of the turbine in a wide range of wind speed. The randomness of the wind adds an intrinsic difficulty to be able to plan the available wind energy in advance. To solve this problem, it is not necessary to know the dynamic operation of the system; we must anticipate the control response to each one of the different probable scenarios. An expert control system can be used based on human knowledge and experience, which, through proper management of its variables and adequate control of criteria to manipulate stored data, provides a way to determine solutions. In other words, it is a model of the experience of professionals in this field. The more variables in the system are considered, the more complete the model will be, and the more information will be available for decision-making, with a more efficient system and higher results in power generation as a response. For this reason, the objective of this paper is to present expert systems developed in recent years and, thus, offer a control solution that approximates the conditions of different wind turbines.INDEX TERMS Artificial neural network, fuzzy logic, genetic algorithms, wind power generation, control systems.

Recent Control Technologies for Floating Offshore Wind Energy System: A Review

“…In region 3, the pitch angle needs to be systematically manipulated to maintain the rated generator power. The goals of pitch control are to save the turbine from overload resulted from the sudden wind gust, maximize the generated power under normal operation [44,58]. There are two types of pitch control system actuators which are electrotechnical pitch actuator and hydraulic pitch actuator [59,60].…”

A novel fractional‐order nonlinear PID ‐based pitch angle control strategy for a PMSG ‐based wind energy system

“…Moreover, it is also evident that variation between bounds of k(e) is controlled according to e max and rate of variation by k o . Therefore, in this work, the NPID controller is designed by multiplying k(e) with the integrator of a conventional PID controller, and given by Equation (15). A generalized structure of the NPID controller is presented in Figure 8 for error only.…”

“…14 AI supervised pitch angle control methods have been widely used and merged with intelligent search algorithm (ISA) due to their ability to deal with large oscillations in output power. 15 However, due to the drawback of computational complexity, the need of extra hardware, large number of tuning parameters, large memory, long computational time, and difficult implement process, AI-based controllers are limited to implement in real-time. 16 Therefore, investigators are motivated to renovate the structure and operation of current conventional methods of pitch angle control, that is, PI/PID pitch angle controllers.…”

Expert Control Systems for Maximum Power Point Tracking in a Wind Turbine with PMSG: State of the Art

“…The objective is to guide the reader in the use of expert systems, since these are a solution for the control of wind turbines that do not have detailed specifications or do not have the economic resources to implement an adequate instrumentation. The strategy of ECS is based on deducting data with laws of probability for the prediction of climatic conditions, search of the optimal solution in different conditions and the handling of data to find patterns of behavior of its variables [17].…”