“…Crawford, Krajcik, and Marx (1999) indicated that middle school students could improve their ability to ask good research questions and to connect questions with knowledge claims and evidence as 4 T. van der Valk and O. de Jong they become more accustomed to open-inquiry learning. Roth (1994Roth ( , 1995 and Hofstein, Shore, and Kipnis (2004) investigated open-inquiry and problem-oriented teaching-learning contexts, and found that most secondary school students had a remarkable willingness and ability to generate questions, to design and plan activities, to collect and analyse data, and to report the results. Hofstein, Navon, Kipnis, and Mamlok-Naaman (2005) found that an inquiry-laboratory group asked more questions in general and more higher-order questions than a control group of students.…”