Experimentally Validated Extension of the Operating Range of an Electrically Driven Turbocharger for Fuel Cell Applications

Abstract

From an aerodynamic point of view, the electric turbocharger for the air supply of an automotive fuel cell faces difficult requirements: it must not only control the pressure level of the fuel cell, but it also has to operate with very high efficiency over a wide range. This paper explores features for the compressor and the turbine of an existing electric turbocharger, which are intended to meet the specific requirements of a fuel cell in an experimentally validated numerical study. Adjustable diffuser or nozzle vanes in the compressor and turbine achieve wider operating ranges but compromise efficiency, especially because of the necessary gaps between vanes and end walls. For the turbine, there are additional efficiency losses since the pivoting of the nozzle vanes leads to incidence and thus to flow separation at the leading edge of the nozzle vanes and the rotor blades. An increase in the mass flow and a slight efficiency improvement of the turbine with the low solidity nozzle vanes counteracts these losses. For the compressor, a reduction in the diffuser height and its influence over the operating range and power consumption yields an increase in surge margin as well as in maximum efficiency.

Impact of Condensation on the System Performance of a Fuel Cell Turbocharger

“…Finally, experimental validation of performance prediction models is needed. In particular, the validation of steady state operation should be possible with experiments and is proposed by [15]. Additionally, validation of the condensation is planned.…”

“…However, this work does not include a turbine. Further investigations of the operating range of radial turbomachinery in a fuel cell system have been conducted by [15]. The authors point out the importance of a broad turbomachinery operating range due to the range of fuel cell operating points that occur during operation.…”