Experimental validation of steel slag as thermal energy storage material in a 400 kWht prototype

Ortega‐Fernández, Iñigo; Wang, Yan; Duran, Mikel; Garitaonandia, Erika; Unamunzaga, Lucía; Bielsa, Daniel; Palomo, Elena

doi:10.1063/1.5117741

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…To go towards cost reduction, cheap natural material such as quartzite has been used [15]. To valorize industrial waste, Ortega-Fernandez et al tested steel slag as filler material with a 400 kWh Th setup, proving its thermal and mechanical stability [16]. The third purpose is to study the influence of operating conditions of thermal storage, such as speed of charge/discharge or operating temperature thresholds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and numerical analysis of a packed-bed thermal energy storage system designed to recover high temperature waste heat: an industrial scale up

Touzo

Olivès

Dejean³

et al. 2020

Journal of Energy Storage

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An industrial-scale air-ceramic horizontal packed-bed thermal energy storage (Eco-Stock®) has been designed and built by Eco-Tech Ceram and tested during an experimental campaign of 500h. The goal is to provide experimental data and analysis of a horizontal and containerized packed bed TES at high temperature, with performance indicators specific to waste heat recovery. A single charge-discharge at 525°C and 3 cycles at 500°C were carried out (300 kW Th for charge, 350 kW Th for discharge). The unit was able to store up to 1.9 MWh Th in a TES system (1.7 × 1.7 × 3.08 m 3 ) composed by 16-ton of bauxite ceramic media. The packed bed was able to valorize up to 90% of the heat source, which demonstrates the system ability to recover waste heat up to 525°C at industrial scale. No channeling effect and moderate radial thermal gradient were detected, even though the tank had a horizontal geometry. The plug and play TES presents a non-negligible part of its energy stored in the insulant, which can be recovered during discharge. To take into account such phenomenon, a one-dimension 3 temperature model is proposed. The model fitted well with experimental results, with a root mean standard deviation of the model below 20°C for the temperature profiles.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and numerical analysis of a packed-bed thermal energy storage system designed to recover high temperature waste heat: an industrial scale up

Touzo

Olivès

Dejean³

et al. 2020

Journal of Energy Storage

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“…In this research, characterization studies conducted by some of the authors [20] retrieved its main thermo-physical properties, namely apparent density (3430-3770 kg•m −3 ), specific heat (890-950 J•kg −1 K −1 ), thermal conductivity (1.2-1.75 W•m −1 K −1 ) and thermal stability under air (1100 • C), confirming its suitability for use as an energy storage material. Subsequently, a laboratory testing campaign was conducted on a 400 kWh TES prototype to assess slag behavior under various charging and discharging conditions [22,23]. The results contributed to the validation of a thermal model designed to scale up the solution for real-scale prototypes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the Ratcheting Effect on the Filler Material of a Steel Slag-Based Thermal Energy Storage

Garitaonandia,

Arribalzaga,

Miguel

et al. 2024

Energies

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Thermocline thermal energy storage systems play a crucial role in enhancing energy efficiency in energy-intensive industries. Among available technologies, air-based packed bed systems are promising due to their ability to utilize cost-effective materials. Recently, one of the most intriguing filler materials under study is steel slag, a byproduct of the steel industry. Steel slag offers affordability, ample availability without conflicting usage, stability at temperatures up to 1000 °C, compatibility with heat transfer fluids, and non-toxicity. Previous research demonstrated favorable thermophysical and mechanical properties. Nonetheless, a frequently overlooked aspect is the endurance of the slag particles, when exposed to both mechanical and thermal stresses across numerous charging and discharging cycles. Throughout the thermal cyclic process, the slag within the tank experiences substantial loads at elevated temperatures, undergoing thermal expansion and contraction. This phenomenon can result in the deterioration of individual particles and potential damage to the tank structure. However, assessing the extended performance of these systems is challenging due to the considerable time required for thermal cycles at a relevant scale. To address this issue, this paper introduces a specially designed fast testing apparatus, providing the corresponding testing results of a real-scale system over 15 years of operation.

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“…Considering these results, our research team focused on studying the viability of using steel slag as filler material, since it is a by-product of the steel industry and therefore, its cost is negligible. First studies identified the attractive thermomechanical properties of the steel slag to be used as a filler material [5] and subsequently, a 400 kWh prototype was built and used to validate a thermal model [6]. The following step is presented in this paper, where a comprehensive testing campaign of the 400 kWh prototype over multiple charging and discharging operations has been carried out, aiming to identify the efficiency of the processes and assess the techno economic viability of using steel slag in a packed bed configuration for thermal energy storage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Testing Of a 400 KWh Steel Slag-Based Thermal Energy Storage Prototype for Industrial Waste Heat Recovery Applications

Bielsa,

Arribalzaga,

Ortega-Fernandez

et al. 2023

Proceedings of the 9th World Congress on New Technologies

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There is a clear need to develop cost-effective thermal energy storage systems to improve industrial energy efficiency since great amounts of energy is lost as waste heat. In this paper, a cost-effective 400 kWh thermal energy storage prototype for waste heat recovery at high temperature is tested over different charging and discharging conditions. The technology studied is based on the use of steel slag as thermal energy storage material and air as heat transfer fluid, in a packed bed reactor of 1 m 3 . Since the steel slag is a byproduct of the steelmaking industry its cost is almost negligible, whilst its thermomechanical properties make it very attractive to store heat. The aim of the testing studies is to gather information regarding the heat exchange efficiency between the heat transfer fluid and the slag in different temperature levels, reproducing common industrial off-gas waste heat release. Finally, with these results a technoeconomic calculation approach is provided in the frame of a real waste heat recovery plant in the steelmaking industry, which confirms this technology as a very promising candidate for waste heat recovery solutions.

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Experimental validation of steel slag as thermal energy storage material in a 400 kWht prototype

Cited by 6 publications

References 15 publications

Experimental and numerical analysis of a packed-bed thermal energy storage system designed to recover high temperature waste heat: an industrial scale up

Experimental and numerical analysis of a packed-bed thermal energy storage system designed to recover high temperature waste heat: an industrial scale up

Characterization of the Ratcheting Effect on the Filler Material of a Steel Slag-Based Thermal Energy Storage

Experimental Testing Of a 400 KWh Steel Slag-Based Thermal Energy Storage Prototype for Industrial Waste Heat Recovery Applications

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