Experimental swine dysentery: comparison between infection models

Jacobson, Magdalena; Fellström, Claes; Lindberg, R.; Wallgren, Per; Jensen-Waern, Marianne

doi:10.1099/jmm.0.05323-0

Cited by 46 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…The present results of canine SAA correspond to a previous study of porcine SAA demonstrating significant higher concentrations of SAA in cases of hemorrhagic swine dysentery, compared to non-hemorrhagic cases [13]. Further studies including more and larger groups of dogs will be necessary in order to investigate the full diagnostic and prognostic potential of SAA as a clinical chemical parameter in canine gastrointestinal disorders, but some potential can be expected based on the results of our study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Canine Serum Amyloid A (SAA) Measured by Automated Latex Agglutination Turbidimetry Is Useful for Routine Sensitive and Specific Detection of Systemic Inflammation in a General Clinical Setting

Christensen

Langhorn

Goddard

et al. 2013

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. Canine serum amyloid A (SAA) is a useful diagnostic marker of systemic inflammation. A latex agglutination turbidimetric immunoassay (LAT) was validated for automated measurements. The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical applicability of SAA measured by the LAT. SAA was measured in 7 groups of dogs with and without systemic inflammation (n=247). Overlap performance was investigated. Diagnostic performance was compared to body temperature and leukocyte markers. Clinical decision limits for SAA were estimated. In dogs with neurological, neoplastic or gastrointestinal disorders (n=143), it was investigated whether a higher proportion of SAA positive dogs could be detected in cases of complications with risk of systemic inflammation. Significantly higher concentrations of SAA were measured in dogs with (range [48.75; 5,032 mg/l]), compared to dogs without systemic inflammation [0; 56.4 mg/l]. SAA was a more sensitive and specific marker of systemic inflammation (area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) 1.00), compared to body temperature (0.6) and segmented neutrophils (best performing leukocyte marker, 0.84). A clinical decision limit of 56.4 mg/l was established giving close to perfect discrimination between dogs with and without systemic inflammation. Higher proportions of SAApositive dogs were observed in dogs with neurological, neoplastic and gastrointestinal disorders with complications known to increase risk of systemic inflammation, compared to uncomplicated cases. The automated LAT makes SAA applicable as a relevant diagnostic marker of systemic inflammation in dogs for routine random-access real-time use in a general clinical setting. KEY WORDS: canine, inflammation, veterinary clinical pathology.doi: 10.1292/jvms.12-0404; J. Vet. Med. Sci. 75(4): 459-466, 2013 The acute phase response (APR) is an unspecific systemic reaction, which follows various stimuli such as infection or trauma, causing systemic inflammation and disrupting homeostasis [3,21]. During the APR, the concentrations of acute phase proteins (APP) are altered [21]. Serum amyloid A (SAA) is a major positive APP in dogs, and marked increases in concentrations are consequently observed during the APR [3]. Studies in several species have shown that SAA is a more sensitive marker of systemic inflammation than traditionally used parameters such as body temperature, leukocyte and neutrophil counts [12,19], and SAA can be used as a diagnostic marker of systemic inflammation in several species, including dogs [1,4,8,21]. The commercial availability of diagnostic assays has, however, been limited to resource and time consuming methods, and so far measurements of canine SAA have not been implemented in routine veterinary clinical biochemistry [3]. The initial evaluations of an automated latex agglutination turbidimetric immunoassay (LAT, EIKEN, Tokyo, Japan), based on human monoclonal antibodies, have shown acceptable analytical and overlap performance [7], making routine diagnostic measurements of canine SAA ...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Canine Serum Amyloid A (SAA) Measured by Automated Latex Agglutination Turbidimetry Is Useful for Routine Sensitive and Specific Detection of Systemic Inflammation in a General Clinical Setting

Christensen

Langhorn

Goddard

et al. 2013

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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“…SD is easily induced in pigs by inoculating them with clinical samples of intestine from SD-affected pigs, but very difficult to induce by inoculation with Brachyspira hyodysenterica alone (36). However, the disease can be experimentally reproduced using cultured organism as inoculum if the intestinal flora in the inoculates is damaged, for example by feeding the pigs extreme diets (22). Indeed a correlation between PMWS and feed ingredients has been suggested in New Zealand in terms of imported waste products (28).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome ‐ PMWS. The first year with the disease in Sweden

Wallgren

Hasslung

Bergström³

et al. 2004

Veterinary Quarterly

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“…3,5,6 The importance of the other spirochetes as intestinal pathogens has not yet been investigated thoroughly. In addition to affecting pigs, B murdochii has been isolated from hens 13 and rats (wild and laboratory) 14 without history of intestinal disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 The first 2 species are well-known porcine pathogens causing swine dysentery, severe mucohemorrhagic colitis, and the less severe disorder spirochetal colitis. 3,5,6 The importance of the other spirochetes as intestinal pathogens has not yet been investigated thoroughly. In addition to affecting pigs, B murdochii has been isolated from hens 13 and rats (wild and laboratory) 14 without history of intestinal disease.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Brachyspira murdochii Colitis in Pigs

Jensen

Christensen²,

Boye³

2009

Vet Pathol

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The weakly beta-hemolytic porcine spirochete Brachyspira murdochii is considered a normal intestinal commensal. In the present study, however, a field case of B murdochii-associated catarrhal colitis was identified in a pig, as characterized by extensive spirochetal colonization of the surface epithelium. Experimentally, 8 weaned pigs were challenged with the B murdochii isolate, reproducing catarrhal colitis in 2 animals. By applying fluorescent in situ hybridization using a species-specific oligonucleotide probe targeting 23S rRNA, B murdochii organisms were found in high numbers and were closely associated with the surface epithelium in the pigs with catarrhal colitis. The results indicate that, when present in high numbers, B murdochii is low pathogenic for pigs. KeywordsInfection trial, Brachyspira murdochii, swine, colitis Spirochetes-long, helically coiled bacteria-are often found in the large intestines of animals affected by diarrhea. The most common porcine intestinal spirochetes comprise several species of the genus Brachyspira: B hyodysenteriae, B pilosicoli, B intermedia, B innocens, and B murdochii.2 The first 2 species are well-known porcine pathogens causing swine dysentery, severe mucohemorrhagic colitis, and the less severe disorder spirochetal colitis. 3,5,6 The importance of the other spirochetes as intestinal pathogens has not yet been investigated thoroughly. In addition to affecting pigs, B murdochii has been isolated from hens 13 and rats (wild and laboratory) 14 without history of intestinal disease. Hitherto, B murdochii has not been considered to be pathogenic, 2,4,11 but the recent detection of B murdochii by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in cases of porcine colitis negative for B hyodysenteriae and B pilosicoli warrants speculation on the potential pathogenecity of the bacterium. 15The aim of this study was to report a case of naturally acquired colitis and experimental colonic infection caused by B murdochii in pigs. For demonstration of the spirochete in formalin-fixed tissue, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was developed and applied using an oligonucleotide probe specific for B murdochii.From a farm with suspicion of spirochete-associated colitis, a 9-week-old pig with typical symptoms was euthanized. Intestines, including formalin-fixed ileum and colon samples, were then submitted for routine laboratory examination. The formalin-fixed samples were processed for normal histopathology, embedded in paraffin, and sectioned at 3 mm. Macroscopically, the colonic mucosa was thickened without signs of blood or excess mucus. The colonic contents were liquid. Microscopically, there was catarrhal colitis with large numbers of spirochetes colonizing the surface epithelium and the upper part of the crypts. Sloughing of surface epithelial cells, hyperplasia of crypt enterocytes, necrosis of single crypt enterocytes, and infiltrate of mononuclear cells in lamina propria characterized the colitis, as shown in Fig. 1. Based on in situ hybridization according to Boye et al, 1 w...

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Experimental swine dysentery: comparison between infection models

Cited by 46 publications

References 35 publications

Canine Serum Amyloid A (SAA) Measured by Automated Latex Agglutination Turbidimetry Is Useful for Routine Sensitive and Specific Detection of Systemic Inflammation in a General Clinical Setting

Canine Serum Amyloid A (SAA) Measured by Automated Latex Agglutination Turbidimetry Is Useful for Routine Sensitive and Specific Detection of Systemic Inflammation in a General Clinical Setting

Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome ‐ PMWS. The first year with the disease in Sweden

Brachyspira murdochii Colitis in Pigs

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