Experimental Study on the Liquid‐Phase Adsorption Equilibrium of <i>n</i>‐Butanol over Amberlyst™15 and Contribution of Diffusion Resistances

Oktar, Nuray; Fité, Carles; Ramírez, Eliana; Tejero, Javier

doi:10.1002/ceat.202100253

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 58 publications

(77 reference statements)

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“…Small differences between the resins and the zeolite are observed, with final yields of 6.1, 7.8, and 9.0%, with IR-120, A-36, and β-zeolite, respectively. These results demonstrate that resins cannot be discarded for these applications, despite the previous literature suggesting that the acidic mechanism of aldol condensation is conditioned by the Lewis acidity and not by the Brønsted one, which is the main type of acidity in this type of materials [35,36].…”

Section: Furfural-levulinic Acid Aldol Condensation For the Productio...mentioning

confidence: 74%

The Role of Ion Exchange Resins for Solving Biorefinery Catalytic Processes Challenges

et al. 2023

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Different possible applications of ion exchange resins in the framework of biorefinery catalytic applications are discussed in this article. Three case studies were selected for this approach, connected to three main routes for biomass upgrading: syngas upgrading to high-value chemicals, biomass hydrolysate upgrading, and direct upgrading of oily fraction. The tailored acidic properties of these materials, as well as their stability in the presence of water, have made them promising catalysts for applications such as obtaining biodiesel from activated sludge wastes in batch reactors and obtaining polyoxymethylene methyl ether from syngas (via formaldehyde and methylal, and working in a continuous fixed bed reactor). However, the acidity of these materials may still be too low for acid-catalyzed aldol condensation reactions in the aqueous phase.

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Section: Furfural-levulinic Acid Aldol Condensation For the Productio...mentioning

confidence: 74%

The Role of Ion Exchange Resins for Solving Biorefinery Catalytic Processes Challenges

et al. 2023

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One-Pot Liquid-Phase Synthesis of Methyl Isobutyl Ketone Over Bifunctional Ion-Exchange Resins: Unravelling the Role of Resins Structure and Active Pd or Cu Phases on Sintering, Leaching and Catalytic Activity

Canadell,

Badia,

Soto

et al. 2024

Top Catal

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This work evaluates the catalytic activity of gel-type and macroreticular sulfonic styrene-divinylbenzene ion-exchange resins (IERs) incorporating metallic Pd or Cu nanoparticles for the synthesis of methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) from acetone following a one-pot synthesis approach. The effects of reaction time, temperature, and metal loading on the catalytic activity are studied, along with reusability (batch) and stability (fixed-bed) tests, highlighting the industrial potential of the most active catalyst prepared consisting of Pd-embedded particles within a strongly acidic gel-type IER support. Pd-based catalysts are more active than Cu ones, reaching 100% selectivity to MIBK and yields to MIBK of 36%, similar to the commercial benchmark also tested for comparison, i.e. Amberlyst™CH28. The highest yield to MIBK (54%) is obtained at 120 °C, 30 bar of H2, 300 rpm, a catalyst load of 5 wt% and a Pd loading of 1 wt% after 24 h, with margin to improvement since the catalytic activity is found to increase with temperature up to 130 °C without detectable by-products formation. The extensive characterization by several techniques (ICP-MS, SEM–EDS, N2 physisorption, ISEC, TEM/HRTEM, and XRD) enabled to draw crucial conclusions to understand the role of IER morphology and metal used on the catalytic activity. Sintering of both Pd and Cu nanoparticles depends on the structural type of the resin support, being magnified for macroreticular resins due to an enhanced propensity towards particle coalescence in comparison to gel-type supports. The different extent of leaching observed for the Pd- or Cu- containing IERs is explained on a basis of the behavior of the corresponding metallic nanoparticles within the resins structure. The active metallic Pd or Cu phases have been identified by HRTEM, confirming the presence of metal oxide species.

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Reaction Thermodynamic and Kinetics for Esterification of 1-Methoxy-2-Propanol and Acetic Acid over Ion-Exchange Resin

Liu,

Wang,

Wang

et al. 2024

Molecules

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The esterification of 1-methoxy-2-propanol (PM) and acetic acid (AA) is an important reaction for the production of 1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate (PMA). Herein, we used the macroporous ion-exchange resin Amberlyst-35 as a catalyst to explore the effects of reaction conditions on the reaction rate and equilibrium yield of PMA. Under the optimized conditions of a reaction temperature of 353 K, using the initial reactant PM/AA with a molar ratio of 1:3, and a catalyst loading of 10 wt%, the PMA equilibrium yield reached 78%, which is the highest equilibrium yield so far. The reaction equilibrium constants and activity coefficients were estimated to obtain reaction thermodynamic properties, indicating the exothermicity of the reaction. Furthermore, pseudo-homogeneous (PH), Eley–Rideal (ER), and Langmuir–Hinshelwood–Hougen–Watson (LHHW) kinetic models were fitted based on experimental reaction kinetic data. The results demonstrate that the LHHW model is the most consistent with experimental data, indicating a surface reaction-controlled process and exhibiting an apparent activation energy of 62.0 ± 0.2 kJ/mol. This work represents a valuable example of calculating reaction thermodynamics and kinetics, which are particularly essential for promising industrial reactor designs.

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Experimental Study on the Liquid‐Phase Adsorption Equilibrium of n‐Butanol over Amberlyst™15 and Contribution of Diffusion Resistances

Cited by 3 publications

References 58 publications

The Role of Ion Exchange Resins for Solving Biorefinery Catalytic Processes Challenges

The Role of Ion Exchange Resins for Solving Biorefinery Catalytic Processes Challenges

One-Pot Liquid-Phase Synthesis of Methyl Isobutyl Ketone Over Bifunctional Ion-Exchange Resins: Unravelling the Role of Resins Structure and Active Pd or Cu Phases on Sintering, Leaching and Catalytic Activity

Reaction Thermodynamic and Kinetics for Esterification of 1-Methoxy-2-Propanol and Acetic Acid over Ion-Exchange Resin

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