Thermoelectrics are energy harvesters that can directly
convert
waste heat into electrical energy and vice versa. Currently, thermoelectric
(TE) devices display lower efficiency as the materials used for construction
possess a very low figure of merit (ZT). Therefore, understanding
the structural features of materials, finding new materials, and analyzing
their chemistry and physics play a vital role in enhancing their energy
conversion efficiency. Among the different classes of TE materials,
some inorganic chalcogenides are perfect candidates for power generation
as they possess excellent TE properties. The objective of this review
is to provide insights into structural features and innovative methods
to obtain enhanced thermoelectric properties of selected inorganic
chalcogenides. The review covers recent advances in preparation methods,
structural features, and thermoelectric properties of selected metal
selenides (Bi2Se3, Ag2Se, SnSe, etc.)
and metal tellurides (Bi2Te3, SnTe, PbTe, etc.).
The review also discusses the critical parameters for designing and
optimizing the TE materials to obtain the required electrical conductivity
(σ), Seebeck coefficient (S), and thermal conductivity
(k). In addition, promising mechanistic approaches
to be adopted for enhancing the efficiency of TE materials such as
doping, alloying, and nanostructuring are discussed in detail. Finally,
a summary that describes advancements in the materials design is provided
with a prospect for future applications from these materials in the
development of energy harvesting technology.