Experimental study on the behavior of polyamide multifilament subject to impact loads under different soaking conditions

Cruz, Daniel Magalhães da; Silva, Antônio Henrique da Fonseca Thomé da Monteiro; Clain, Fernanda Mazuco; Guilherme, Carlos Eduardo Marcos

doi:10.5267/j.esm.2022.11.001

Cited by 3 publications

References 10 publications

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Analysis of the multi-filament high-performance yarns’ dynamic failure for impact resistance enhancement

El Messiry,

Eltahan,

Fathy

2024

Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics

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The dynamic failure behavior of multifilament high-performance yarns plays a crucial role in determining the impact resistance of advanced materials used in diverse applications such as aerospace, automotive, and protective textiles. The falling tower setup was designed to investigate the impact behavior of high-performance yarns. These models offer valuable insights into the fundamental mechanisms governing yarn failure. The force-time curves of different yarn samples under various impact energies show that Kevlar and Vectran® have the highest values of impact-resisting force, 21.9 and 21.6 N, respectively. The resisting impact energy reaches between 3.5 and 4 mJ. Enhancement of the multifilament yarn’s impact resistance was achieved through applications of silicone finishes or hybrid yarns, in which the impact resistance force and time to failure exhibited an increase across various yarn types. The ratio of impact yarn resisting force to yarn tenacity was determined to be 6.73%, 6.05%, 11.29%, and 1.71% for Vectran, Kevlar 29, polyester, and carbon yarns, respectively. Additionally, their specific yarn impact toughness was measured at 2.69, 1.32, 0.54, and 0.16 mJ/tex. The application of a 20% silicon coating increased their specific yarn impact toughness to 11.81, 5.79, 3.58, and 0.51 mJ/tex, respectively. Hybrid continuous fibers are composite materials that blend various fiber types, including carbon, Kevlar, Vectran®, or polyester, to form a material with enhanced impact absorption energy, such as in the case of Kevlar/PET or Carbon-PET. The outcomes of these investigations substantially contribute to enhancing multi-filament high-performance yarns in various practical applications in systems subjected to dynamic loads.

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Analysis of the multi-filament high-performance yarns’ dynamic failure for impact resistance enhancement

El Messiry,

Eltahan,

Fathy

2024

Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics

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Experimental Study of Creep Behavior at High Temperature in Different HMPE Fibers Used for Offshore Mooring

da Cruz,

Barreto,

Zangalli

et al. 2023

Day 2 Wed, October 25, 2023

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Offshore moorings have been extensively researched in recent decades, and since the introduction of Taut-Leg systems made with synthetic polyester fibers as an alternative to steel catenaries, several fibers have gained significant prominence. High modulus polyethylene (HMPE) stands out due to its superior mechanical resistance and linear tenacity compared to many other fibers. However, it shows challenging behavior in creep, showing high strain rates and low creep resistance. Consequently, manufacturers have focused on developing HMPE fibers typified as "Low Creep," aiming to achieve satisfactory creep behavior and enable offshore mooring systems made entirely of HMPE. Such advancements could lead to the use of HMPE in offshore installations in ultra-deep waters, given its low elongation. The goal of this study is to evaluate the creep behavior of 6 HMPE fibers, including both European and Asian manufactures, with 3 fibers designated as "Low Creep." The evaluation encompasses different load temperature conditions. The experimental approach uses HMPE multifilaments, which serve as the base material for making mooring ropes. The results are compiled in tables, providing initial characterization results and average creep results, including creep strain rates. Creep graphs are drawn to facilitate understanding and comparison of the behaviors, along with a generalized statistical modeling of the creep-rupture surface for each fiber. The results show that the fibers designated as "Low Creep" indeed exhibit significantly better behavior than others, with lower strain rates. Among them, Fibers A and D emerge as the most promising for offshore mooring, showing greater resistance to creep. From a commercial standpoint, Fiber D offers the lowest cost per kg and presents favorable constitutive behaviors in specific operational contexts, as well as better stability with increasing temperature. In terms of future directions, other methodologies linked to the acquired experimental database should be explored, including analytical models and numerical simulations. Additionally, an investigation into sub-ropes and a detailed study of thermal degradation decoupling in the studied phenomenon should be considered for further research.

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Experimental study on the behavior of polyamide multifilament subject to impact loads under different soaking conditions

Cruz¹,

Silva²,

Clain³

et al. 2023

10.5267/j.esm

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This article studies the mechanical characterization of impact loads on polyamide fibers. Using synthetic ropes in mooring systems, these are subject to static loads, but dynamic loads are also expected. One of the dynamic loads that can occur on cables are sudden loads, which makes the analysis of impact loads important. In this study, impact cycles were applied to polyamide multifilaments until rupture with different impact masses, and considering the conditions: dry, after 6 hours of immersion in water and after 24 hours of immersion in water. The analysis of the immersed conditions allows us to interpret the plasticizing effect that moisture exerts in polyamide, through loss stiffness in the rupture test. The results show that the increase in immersion time represents decrease in the breaking strength, and also in the resistance to impact cycles. A curve parameterization is proposed that relates the number of impact cycles and the percentage of Yarn Break Load used in the impact, getting through the coefficient of determination the best model. For force versus time graphs, obtained in each impact cycle, the energy dissipation in the multifilament can be observed in two main mechanisms: the first is the elastic deformation in form of ricochets, the second is the plastic deformation by stretching/elongation. The force-time graphs of impact cycles and the number of impact cycles to failure are measures that show performance for impact dynamic loads. Attention should be the plasticizing effect caused by water, as it reduces the static and dynamic mechanical strength of polyamide.

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Experimental study on the behavior of polyamide multifilament subject to impact loads under different soaking conditions

Cited by 3 publications

References 10 publications

Analysis of the multi-filament high-performance yarns’ dynamic failure for impact resistance enhancement

Analysis of the multi-filament high-performance yarns’ dynamic failure for impact resistance enhancement

Experimental Study of Creep Behavior at High Temperature in Different HMPE Fibers Used for Offshore Mooring

Experimental study on the behavior of polyamide multifilament subject to impact loads under different soaking conditions

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