Experimental study on R32 leakage and diffusion characteristic of wall-mounted air conditioners under different operating conditions

Jia, Lizhi; Jin, Wufeng; Zhang, Yan

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.01.041

Cited by 29 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…There are four kinds of quantitative descriptions of concentration: mass base concentration, molar concentration, total concentration, and volume concentration. The term concentration can be applied to any mixture but is most often used to describe the solution's solute amount [4,15,18]. Analysis of the simulation results will be carried out using qualitative descriptive analysis, given the difficulty to perform quantitative analytical calculations (quantitative calculations) with manual calculations and the high cost of directly testing (research) with real experiments.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to figure 3 The room geometry model is assumed to be a standard room L (length) x W(width) x H (height) is (4-meter x 4 meters x 3 meters) with an area of 4 meters x 4 meters = 16 m2 and has a volume of = 48 m3, as for the use of space with these dimensions is usually for small family rooms, prayer rooms, apartments or hotel rooms. To calculate the air conditioner load, a quick count method (rule of thumb) is used where the area (A) 4-meter x 3 meters will be equivalent to 1 PK on A/C [14].…”

Section: Leakage Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Predicting of Refrigerant Leakage in a Conditioned Room: A Numerical Study Leaks Distribution R-32 Refrigerant in a/C Split Unit

Muliawan

Pasek

2022

AEJ

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Hydrocarbon Refrigerant R-32 called difluoromethane is one alternative solution used for Air Conditioning (A/C) unit split, but the weakness is flame property. This study investigates and analyzes flammable refrigerant difluoromethane distributions in the room affected by the A/C unit's leakage. It discusses the distribution of flammable refrigerant R-32 (difluoromethane) in an air-conditioned room. The simulation uses three variations of mass flow rate (leakage) and three airflow rate variations: low, medium, and high cold airflow velocity. Numerical calculations are used in CFD ANSYS FLUENT software with a model developed by Species Transport, SIMPLE algorithm, solver using pressure-based, mesh type is the dominant quadrilateral (rectangle). Turbulent modeling uses K-Epsilon standards. CFD analysis in the transient system condition results from numerical simulation, indicating that the leak will run out after 180 seconds with 0.005 kg/s (0.5 m/s). The moderate leak rate of 0.002 kg/s for R-32 is 450 seconds (7.5 minutes). The slower 0.001 kg/s with 0.1 m/s airflows for the R-32 ends after 900 seconds (15 minutes). The air and flow mass flow can affect the distribution and directly difluoromethane to the conditioned room. The effect of airflow rates and positioning holes in the concentration leaks is also analyzed when the unit's refrigerant leak is indoors as the air conditioner works.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Leakage Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting of Refrigerant Leakage in a Conditioned Room: A Numerical Study Leaks Distribution R-32 Refrigerant in a/C Split Unit

Muliawan

Pasek

2022

AEJ

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“…A case of HC-290 refrigerant charge of 500 g is also considered. Some assumptions for the simulation are listed below, [23][24][25] • The room is adiabatic i.e., there is no heat transfer across the walls. • There is no HC-290 inside the room prior to leak.…”

Section: Simulation Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CFD simulation of HC-290 leakage from a split type room air conditioner

Prakash

Gautham

Lal

et al. 2021

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E:

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HC-290 is one of the alternatives to HCFC22 in room air-conditioners. With the phase-down schedules in Kigali Amendment, it is imperative to use HC-290. However, there are concerns about its flammability in the event of a leak from the AC indoor unit (IDU). IEC 60335-2-40 has been revised to extend the capacity ranges for A2L refrigerants and is being further revised with a focus on A2 and A3 refrigerants. In real-life situations, furniture and occupants are present inside the room and these may positively or negatively influence the dispersion of any leaked HC-290. CFD simulation of dispersion of leaked HC-290 has been carried out for a variety of scenarios. The variables include leakage rates, IDU installation heights, IDU blower ON or OFF and types of furniture. Furniture, in general, appears to promote mixing, thereby reducing HC-290 stratification. The maximum concentration occurs on the side where the leak is directed by the momentum of the jet from IDU. There is no significant effect on the concentration distribution by the type and size of furniture with legs, although solid furniture has some marginal effect due to reduction of room free volume. The average concentration of HC-290 in the room is slightly more when the solid furniture like cupboards are placed some distance away from the IDU. The highest concentration at 30 cm above floor level, is 44% of LFL when the blower is ON, while it is 62% when the blower is OFF.

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“…Additional information about the component flammability can be found in [36]. In the event of leakage, the flammability of the component R32 has been considered very low under the general operating conditions of wall-mounted air conditioners [37]. Additionally, R455A possesses a flammability range of 1.1% at 23 °C, that can be considered narrow compared to pure HFOs or other HFO/HFC mixtures [38].…”

Section: Accepted Manuscript 22 Securitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental drop-in replacement of R404A for warm countries using the low GWP mixtures R454C and R455A

Mota-Babiloni

Haro-Ortuño

Navarro-Esbrí

et al. 2018

International Journal of Refrigeration

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HIGHLIGHTS  R454C and R455A have similar properties to R404A and low global warming potential.  The experimental operation and performance of these mixtures and R404A are compared.  The average alternatives cooling capacity is comparable to that of R404A.  The R454C and R455A energy performance is higher than that of R404A.  An internal heat exchanger does not provide significant benefits to R454C and R455A.

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Experimental study on R32 leakage and diffusion characteristic of wall-mounted air conditioners under different operating conditions

Cited by 29 publications

References 12 publications

Predicting of Refrigerant Leakage in a Conditioned Room: A Numerical Study Leaks Distribution R-32 Refrigerant in a/C Split Unit

Predicting of Refrigerant Leakage in a Conditioned Room: A Numerical Study Leaks Distribution R-32 Refrigerant in a/C Split Unit

CFD simulation of HC-290 leakage from a split type room air conditioner

Experimental drop-in replacement of R404A for warm countries using the low GWP mixtures R454C and R455A

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