Experimental study on earthquake-induced falling debris of exterior infill walls and its impact to pedestrian evacuation

Lu, Xinzheng; Yang, Zhebiao; Chea, Cheavpor; Guan, Hong

doi:10.1016/j.ijdrr.2019.101372

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…It has been observed after the November 2019 earthquake that in ll damage was often most pronounced at the lower storeys, and was often accompanied by partial or total in ll failure (Fig. 17b); this is similar to observations from past earthquakes in other countries (Braga et al 2011;Lu et al 2020;Godínez-Domínguez et al 2021). The out-of-plane failure of in lls at the lower storeys may seem unusual since maximum horizontal accelerations are ampli ed over the building height.…”

Section: Masonry In Lls In Rc Frame Structuressupporting

confidence: 84%

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Performance of RC cast-in-place buildings during the November 26, 2019 Albania earthquake

Marinković

Baballëku

Isufi

et al. 2022

Bull Earthquake Eng

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This paper documents performance of cast-in-place reinforced concrete (RC) buildings in the Durrës during Albania earthquake of 26 th of November 2019 (M W 6.4). Both mid-and high-rise RC buildings were affected by the earthquake, experiencing structural and/or non-structural damage and even collapse in some cases. The authors performed a reconnaissance study after the earthquake and were involved in seismic assessment of buildings in the affected area. Besides the observations related to physical damage related to RC buildings, the paper also presents results of a statistical analysis of damaged RC buildings in the Durrës city. The discussion in the paper is focused on damage patterns and failure mechanisms that are relevant for the seismic response of RC structures. Most common damage pattern is related to masonry in ll walls, which experienced damage and failure in some cases, and affected the performance of adjacent RC columns due to the in ll/frame interaction. Taller RC framed buildings (10 storeys and higher) were expected to have RC shear walls; however, these walls were reportedly absent in the damaged buildings of this type. In some cases, masonry in ll walls (instead of RC shear walls) were used in the elevator shaft areas, which resulted in inadequate seismic performance. Two case study buildings were presented in detail to illustrate seismic behaviour of cast-in-place RC buildings. The case study is based on eld observations after the earthquake and a detailed seismic assessment study. Finally, relevant lessons and recommendations are presented in light of the observed performance of RC buildings.

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Section: Masonry In Lls In Rc Frame Structuressupporting

confidence: 84%

“…17). It is expected that in some cases the failure of in lls in the building entrance area prevented or disrupted the evacuation from these buildings during and immediately after the earthquake (Lu et al 2020). Out-of-plane in ll failure is usually characterized by tilting of an in ll like a rigid body (Fig.…”

Section: Masonry In Lls In Rc Frame Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of RC cast-in-place buildings during the November 26, 2019 Albania earthquake

Marinković

Baballëku

Isufi

et al. 2022

Bull Earthquake Eng

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“…The framework combines probabilistic seismic hazard analysis, inelastic structural response analysis, damage assessment, and the response of evacuating agents. Lu et al (2019Lu et al ( , 2020 proposed a pedestrian evacuation simulation framework considering falling debris caused by earthquakes, focusing on the impact of the collapse of the innerfilled wall on the earthquake evacuation process. He (2020) proposed an entirely random evacuation model for simulating and analyzing the earthquake evacuation process of multi-story buildings during the earthquake.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cimellaro et al (2017) and Poulos et al (2017) used OpenSEES software to obtain the structural seismic damage state during pedestrians’ evacuation. In their earthquake evacuation study, Lu et al (2019, 2020) used the nonlinear multi-degree-of-freedom models of the multi-story frame and masonry structures, and tall buildings to analyze the collapse processes of masonry-infilled walls. He (2020) simplified the multi-story reinforced concrete frame structure into a multi-degree-of-freedom shear model, from which the structural seismic damage and collapse state during the earthquake evacuation can be analyzed efficiently.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A refined simulation method of building earthquake evacuation processes considering multi-exits and time-variant velocities

Duan,

Li,

2024

Earthquake Spectra

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This study proposes a refined method for effectively simulating the evacuation processes of multi-story buildings during earthquakes. The method is developed by combining the exit-option algorithm and multi-velocity field model with the previously developed probabilistic network-based floor-field cellular automaton (PN-FFCA) model. Besides, the formula is also proposed for calculating the time-variant moving velocities of evacuees in the buildings subjected to the earthquake loads. Consequently, the refined method can fully consider the effect of multi-exits and time-variant velocities on the random evacuation processes of multi-story buildings during earthquakes. The recorded evacuation process of a school classroom during the 2022 Luding earthquake in China is reproduced using the refined method, which verifies its validity. In addition, the evacuation processes of an actual three-story office building subjected to random earthquake loads are simulated using the refined method. The simulated results are compared with those obtained from the PN-FFCA to demonstrate the advantages and utility of the refined method.

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“…For higher drift values, infill can experience extensive damage, resulting in a reduction of the load-bearing capacity for inplane actions, or a loss of stability for out-of-plane actions [6,7]. The out-of-plane collapse of an infill or the fall of debris from above can put human lives at risk [8]. In addition, shear failure of the column can occur if the infill strength is too high, with even more serious consequences [9][10][11][12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lightweight FRC infill wall: in-plane and out-of-plane loading tests

et al. 2020

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The continued interest in technological innovation in construction has greatly broadened the horizons of material science, developing a specific sector closely related to the recycling of waste products. This paper examines the thermal, mechanical and structural behaviour of an insulating light weight fibre reinforced concrete (ILWFRC), which is made by replacing natural sand and gravel with artificial aggregates resulting from the process of glass recycling. ILWFRC offers low density (approximately 650 kg/m3), excellent thermal characteristics (thermal conductivity 0.1 W/mK), a compressive strength similar to brick masonry (3.5 MPa) with low cement content (265 kg/m3) and stable post-cracking behaviour. The mechanical and physical properties of ILWFRC were employed for the construction of a full-scale infill wall (having dimensions of 2.9 × 2.6 × 0.2 m), which was experimentally studied under in-plane and out-of-plane actions. In-plane response showed a maximum lateral load of 359 kN at 1.5% drift, with a residual capacity of more than 75% at 4% drift. The subsequent out-of-plane test was performed up to failure with a maximum lateral load of 67 kN, corresponding to about 7 times the infill self-weight.

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Experimental study on earthquake-induced falling debris of exterior infill walls and its impact to pedestrian evacuation

Cited by 18 publications

References 31 publications

Performance of RC cast-in-place buildings during the November 26, 2019 Albania earthquake

Performance of RC cast-in-place buildings during the November 26, 2019 Albania earthquake

A refined simulation method of building earthquake evacuation processes considering multi-exits and time-variant velocities

Lightweight FRC infill wall: in-plane and out-of-plane loading tests

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