Experimental study on concentration of ammonium lactate solution from kitchen garbage fermentation broth by two-compartment electrodialysis

Production of Lithium Hydroxide from Lake Brines through Electro–Electrodialysis with Bipolar Membranes (EEDBM)

“…Conventional electrodialysis (CED) is a cost-effective process that has been widely used in the field of water treatment, − purification of biological solution, and demineralization of mixed feed. − Electrodialysis stacks are usually composed of repeated arranged monopolar membrane alternatively between two parallel electrodes that divide stack into unit of dilute or concentrate compartment. Under reverse current bias, corresponding ions will migrate from dilute compartment to concentrate compartment across corresponding membrane.…”

Synthesis of quaternary ammonium hydroxide from its halide salt by bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BMED): effect of molecular structure of ammonium compounds on the process performance

“…A higher flow rate results in a stronger turbulence in the feed, and consequently to a decrease of the thickness of the stagnant layer and an increase of the diffusion rate of the ions. 20,21 That is, the resistance of the stack decreases, and the polarization on the membrane surface decreases by the increase in the ion diffusion rate as well. Subsequently, the energy consumption decreases and the current efficiency increases.…”