Experimental study on characteristics of diesel particulate emissions with diesel, GTL, and blended fuels

Moon, Gun-Feel; Lee, Yonggyu; Choi, Kee-Bong; Jeong, Dong Seop

doi:10.4271/2009-24-0098

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The experimental results of this preliminary investigation, reported in Figure , show a comparison between the engine outlet particle number and mass size distribution under normal operating conditions with diesel fuel (B0) and with neat biodiesel (B100). The reduction, in terms of particle number, that can be achieved by means of the neat FAME usage is about 80%, with a slight shift of the particle number peak from 50 to 40 nm, as also demonstrated in previous studies. − Neat biodiesel usage allows even more significant benefits to be obtained in terms of mass size distribution, with reductions that can exceed 90%.…”

Section: Particle Size and Number Measurementssupporting

confidence: 72%

“…The reduction, in terms of particle number, that can be achieved by means of the neat FAME usage is about 80%, with a slight shift of the particle number peak from 50 to 40 nm, as also demonstrated in previous studies. [7][8][9][10][11][12] Neat biodiesel usage allows even more significant benefits to be obtained in terms of mass size distribution, with reductions that can exceed 90%.…”

Section: Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, due to the growing interest in alternative fuels for diesel engines, − the impact of a biofuel on the PM characteristics has also been evaluated, by fueling the engine with neat fatty acid methyl ester (FAME).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detailed Investigation on Soot Particle Size Distribution during DPF Regeneration, using Standard and Bio-Diesel Fuels

Caroca¹,

Millo²,

Vezza³

et al. 2010

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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The particle number and size distribution are important aspects to qualify diesel engine emissions, considering that new limits, in term of particle number, are expected for Euro 6 regulations. In this scenario it is important to study particulate matter (PM) emissions, not only during engine normal operating mode, but also during diesel particulate filter (DPF) regeneration processes. The aim of this work is therefore to analyze PM emissions throughout the whole exhaust system of a small displacement Euro 5 common rail automotive diesel engine, during both normal operating conditions and DPF regeneration mode. Because the test engine was equipped with a close-coupled after-treatment system, featuring a Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC) and a DPF integrated in a single canning, the exhaust gas was sampled at the engine outlet, at the DOC outlet, and at the DPF outlet to fully characterize the PM emissions throughout the exhaust line. After a two-stage dilution, the sampled gas was analyzed by means of a TSI 3080 SMPS, in the range 6 to 225 nm range. The particle number and size distribution were evaluated at part load, both under normal operating conditions and at DPF regeneration mode, to highlight the impact of the different combustion processes on the PM characteristics. Finally, the particle number and size distribution at the engine outlet were also evaluated while fueling the engine with neat fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) to evaluate the impact of alternative fuels on PM characteristics during normal operating conditions. The results have shown that, under normal operating conditions, the engine and DOC outlet particle number and mass size distributions appear to be very similar, while the DPF exhibits high values of filtration efficiency on a particle number basis, even in the nanoparticle range. Regeneration mode caused a particle number increase of 1 order of magnitude, with a substantial shift of the number distribution peaks toward larger diameters. The particle number across the DOC showed a remarkable reduction for particles larger than 40 nm, with a reduction of 1 order of magnitude in their concentrations. Finally, fueling the engine with FAME leads to remarkable reductions in terms of particle number and mass (up to 80% and 90%, respectively) under normal operating mode conditions.

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Section: Particle Size and Number Measurementssupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

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Detailed Investigation on Soot Particle Size Distribution during DPF Regeneration, using Standard and Bio-Diesel Fuels

Caroca¹,

Millo²,

Vezza³

et al. 2010

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…Generally the current results match the tendency in previous studies, [30][31][32] which found that methyl-type biodiesel can reduce the mass and size distributions of the PM emissions. Previous blend fuel studies [33][34][35][36] have shown that blend ratios of 10-30 vol % can result in a reduction in the size distribution of the PM emissions. Similar results can also be found in the studies by Srivastava et al, 37 Nuszkowski et al 38 and Mancaruso et al 39 However, for the mean diameter issue, the previous conclusions varied.…”

Section: Particle Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particulate matter characteristics of a light-duty diesel engine with alternative fuel blends

Zhang

et al. 2014

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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The non-volatile particle emission characteristics of alternative (rapeseed methyl ester and gas-to-liquid) diesel fuel blends were studied through an experimental investigation carried out on a light-duty common-rail diesel engine. A blend ratio of 10 vol % was chosen as the practical limit for biodiesels in this study, and the research focus was on the particle number concentration and size distribution with various injection strategies, in which the non-volatile emissions were measured using thermodilution. The particle morphology and mass, together with the related gaseous emissions, were measured and analysed. The results indicate that, without any engine modification, adding selected alternative fuels even at a low percentage could result in a favourable reduction in the number of particles and in a significant reduction in the total particle concentration in both the nucleation mode and the accumulation mode. The particle emissions of the three fuels demonstrated monomodal size distributions under most engine conditions tested, except for the engine idling case, which produced a bimodal size distribution. The influence of 10 vol % rapeseed methyl ester or gas-to-liquid diesel blends on the carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxide emissions is not significant. Nevertheless, using these diesel fuel blends may increase the total hydrocarbon emissions and may lead to high particulate matter emissions.

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“…In particular, bio-fuels and CNG have the potential to reduce particulate emissions with the help of clean combustion and low-carbon fuels (Dimou et al, 2011;Iorio et al, 2011;Lee et al, 2009;Moon et al, 2009;Nuszkowski et al, 2011;Sogawa et al, 2007).…”

Section: Particle Emissions From Vehiclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exhaust nanoparticle emissions from internal combustion engines: A review

Myung

Park

2011

Int.J Automot. Technol.

205

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This paper reviews the particle emissions formed during the combustion process in spark ignition and diesel engine. Proposed legislation in Europe and California will impose a particle number requirement for GDI (gasoline direct injection) vehicles and will introduce the Euro 6 and LEV-III emission standards. More careful optimization for reducing particulate emission on engine hardware, fuel system, and control strategy to reduce particulate emissions will be required during cold start and warm-up phases. Because The diesel combustion inherently produces significant amounts of PM as a result of incomplete combustion around individual fuel droplets in the combustion zone, much attention has been paid to reducing particle emissions through electronic engine control, high pressure injection systems, combustion chamber design, and exhaust after-treatment technologies. In this paper, recent research and development trends to reduce the particle emissions from internal combustion engines are summarized, with a focus on PMP activity in EU, CARB and SAE papers and including both state-of-the-art light-duty vehicles and heavy-duty engines.

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Experimental study on characteristics of diesel particulate emissions with diesel, GTL, and blended fuels

Cited by 9 publications

References 10 publications

Detailed Investigation on Soot Particle Size Distribution during DPF Regeneration, using Standard and Bio-Diesel Fuels

Detailed Investigation on Soot Particle Size Distribution during DPF Regeneration, using Standard and Bio-Diesel Fuels

Particulate matter characteristics of a light-duty diesel engine with alternative fuel blends

Exhaust nanoparticle emissions from internal combustion engines: A review

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