Efficiently crushing deep hard rock remains a significant engineering
challenge. As an innovative rock-breaking technique, laser technology shows
considerable promise for applications in deep engineering. Analyzing the
damage characteristics of rock after laser irradiation and clarifying the
mechanism of laser rock-breaking are crucial for advancing this technology
towards practical engineering applications. Taking basalt as a typical
representative of deep hard rock, we introduced computed tomography (CT)
scanning and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology to study the
internal macro and micro pore characteristics of the rock after laser
irradiation with different power. Additionally, we reconstructed the
morphology of the laser-drilled holes. The results show that the surface
temperature of the rock under laser irradiation generally follows a
Gauss?ian distribution, and the penetration depth of the 1250 W laser can
reach 41.51 mm after 30 seconds. Laser irradiation affects the microscopic
pores of the rock, causing small pores to expand into larger ones as the
laser power increases. After laser irradiation, the molten holes can be
categorized into drum-shaped and V-shaped zones, and the timely discharge of
molten material enhances the efficiency of laser rock-breaking. These
findings provide theoretical and technical support for the application of
laser rock-breaking technology in the efficient crushing of deep hard rock
and resource extraction.