Experimental study on axial compressive behavior of rubberized interlocking masonry walls

Al-Fakih, Amin; Wahab, Mohamed Mubarak Abdul; Mohammed, Bashar S.; Liew, Mohd Shahir; Zawawi, Noor Amila Wan Abdullah; As’ad, Sholihin

doi:10.1016/j.jobe.2019.101107

Cited by 28 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 29 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The design consisted of a total of 13 mixes (2 N + 2 N + 5, where N = number of independent factors) with 5 central points. This method has been followed by many researchers [ 4 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 ]. Therefore, 13 mix designs with varying percentages of CR and GO were obtained, as shown in Table 5 .…”

Section: Materials and Experimental Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acid and Sulphate Attacks on a Rubberized Engineered Cementitious Composite Containing Graphene Oxide

et al. 2020

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The objective of this research was to determine the durability of an engineered cementitious composite (ECC) incorporating crumb rubber (CR) and graphene oxide (GO) with respect to resistance to acid and sulphate attacks. To obtain the mix designs used for this study, response surface methodology (RSM) was utilized, which yielded the composition of 13 mixes containing two variables (crumb rubber and graphene oxide). The crumb rubber had a percentage range of 0–10%, whereas the graphene oxide was tested in the range of 0.01–0.05% by volume. Three types of laboratory tests were used in this study, namely a compressive test, an acid attack test to study its durability against an acidic environment, and a sulphate attack test to examine the length change while exposed to a sulphate solution. Response surface methodology helped develop predictive responsive models and multiple objectives that aided in the optimization of results obtained from the experiments. Furthermore, a rubberized engineered cementitious composite incorporating graphene oxide yielded better chemical attack results compared to those of a normal rubberized engineered cementitious composite. In conclusion, nano-graphene in the form of graphene oxide has the ability to enhance the properties and overcome the limitations of crumb rubber incorporated into an engineered cementitious composite. The optimal mix was attained with 10% crumb rubber and 0.01 graphene oxide that achieved 43.6 MPa compressive strength, 29.4% weight loss, and 2.19% expansion. The addition of GO enhances the performance of rubberized ECC, contributing to less weight loss due to the deterioration of acidic media on the ECC. It also contributes to better resistance to changes in the length of the rubberized ECC samples.

show abstract

Section: Materials and Experimental Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acid and Sulphate Attacks on a Rubberized Engineered Cementitious Composite Containing Graphene Oxide

et al. 2020

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It was investigated that replacing only 10% of fine sands with crumb rubber brought a great degradation of up to 63% in compressive strength [ 12 ]. The reason for the reduction in strength is because of the hydrophobic properties of crumb rubber, enabling air entrapment on the surface of the crumb rubber and repelling water during the mixing process [ 13 , 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deformation Properties of Rubberized ECC Incorporating Nano Graphene Using Response Surface Methodology

et al. 2020

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Engineered cementitious composite (ECC) was discovered as a new substitute of conventional concrete as it provides better results in terms of tensile strain, reaching beyond 3%. From then, more studies were done to partially replace crumb rubber with sand to achieve a more sustainable and eco-friendlier composite from the original ECC. However, the elastic modulus of ECC was noticeably degraded. This could bring potential unseen dangerous consequences as the fatigue might happen at any time without any sign. The replacement of crumb rubber was then found to not only bring a more sustainable and eco-friendlier result but also increase the ductility and the durability of the composite, with lighter specific gravity compared to conventional concrete. This study investigated the effects of crumb rubber (CR) and graphene oxide (GO) toward the deformable properties of rubberized ECC, including the compressive strength, elastic modulus, Poisson’s ratio, and drying shrinkage. Central composite design (CCD) was utilized to provide 13 reasonable trial mixtures with the ranging level of CR replacement from 0–30% and that of GO from 0.01–0.08%. The results show that GO increased the strength of the developed GO-RECC. It was also found that the addition of CR and GO to ECC brought a notable improvement in mechanical and deformable properties. The predicted model that was developed using response surface methodology (RSM) shows that the variables (compression strength, elastic modulus, Poisson’s ratio, and drying shrinkage) rely on the independent (CR and GO) variables and are highly correlated.

show abstract

“…In this paper, tensile bonding and flexural bonding were conducted to determine the bond behavior of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP)-strengthened steel plates using epoxy adhesive exposed to service temperatures [20,21]. Response surface methodology (RSM) software was used to design the experiments [22,23]. A total of 17 runs of experiments with five repetitive runs were generated by using a Box-Behnken design (BBD).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bond Relationship of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) Strengthened Steel Plates Exposed to Service Temperature

et al. 2021

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Emerging as a new technology, carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) has been introduced to rehabilitate and strengthen steel structures using an adhesive agent. However, the outdoor service temperature is potentially degrading to the mechanical strength of the adhesive, as well as affecting the bonding of the strengthened steel structure. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the bond relationship of CFRP-strengthened steel plates exposed to service temperatures. Two types of experiments were conducted to determine the tensile and flexural performance of CFRP-strengthened steel plates. The experiments were designed using a Box–Behnken design (BBD) and response surface methodology (RSM) by considering three parameters: service temperature (25 °C, 45 °C and 70 °C), number of CFRP layers (one, three and five layers) and bond length (40, 80 and 120 mm). The findings show the dominant failure mode transformed from adhesion failure between steel and adhesive interfaces to adhesion failure between CFRP and adhesive interfaces as the service temperature increased. The tensile strength improved by 25.62% when the service temperature increased. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) analysis proved that the strength enhancement is due to the densification and reduction of the adhesive particle microstructure gaps through the softening effect at service temperature. However, service temperature is found to have less impact on flexural strength. Incorporating the experimental results in RSM, two quadratic equations were developed to estimate the tensile and flexural strength of CFRP-strengthened steel plates. The high coefficient of determination, R2, yields at 0.9936 and 0.9846 indicate the high reliability of the models. Hence, it can be used as an estimation tool in the design stage.

show abstract

Experimental study on axial compressive behavior of rubberized interlocking masonry walls

Cited by 28 publications

References 29 publications

Acid and Sulphate Attacks on a Rubberized Engineered Cementitious Composite Containing Graphene Oxide

Acid and Sulphate Attacks on a Rubberized Engineered Cementitious Composite Containing Graphene Oxide

Deformation Properties of Rubberized ECC Incorporating Nano Graphene Using Response Surface Methodology

Bond Relationship of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) Strengthened Steel Plates Exposed to Service Temperature

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About