Acid and Sulphate Attacks on a Rubberized Engineered Cementitious Composite Containing Graphene Oxide

Abstract

The objective of this research was to determine the durability of an engineered cementitious composite (ECC) incorporating crumb rubber (CR) and graphene oxide (GO) with respect to resistance to acid and sulphate attacks. To obtain the mix designs used for this study, response surface methodology (RSM) was utilized, which yielded the composition of 13 mixes containing two variables (crumb rubber and graphene oxide). The crumb rubber had a percentage range of 0–10%, whereas the graphene oxide was tested in the range of 0.01–0.05% by volume. Three types of laboratory tests were used in this study, namely a compressive test, an acid attack test to study its durability against an acidic environment, and a sulphate attack test to examine the length change while exposed to a sulphate solution. Response surface methodology helped develop predictive responsive models and multiple objectives that aided in the optimization of results obtained from the experiments. Furthermore, a rubberized engineered cementitious composite incorporating graphene oxide yielded better chemical attack results compared to those of a normal rubberized engineered cementitious composite. In conclusion, nano-graphene in the form of graphene oxide has the ability to enhance the properties and overcome the limitations of crumb rubber incorporated into an engineered cementitious composite. The optimal mix was attained with 10% crumb rubber and 0.01 graphene oxide that achieved 43.6 MPa compressive strength, 29.4% weight loss, and 2.19% expansion. The addition of GO enhances the performance of rubberized ECC, contributing to less weight loss due to the deterioration of acidic media on the ECC. It also contributes to better resistance to changes in the length of the rubberized ECC samples.

Effect of Waste Tire Rubber on the Durability Behavior of Cement Composites: A Review

“…The presence of rubber improves the resistance to sulphate attack with resistance coefficient factor of more than 100%. However, this result does not agree with the findings of (Sabapathy et al, 2020) who reported that CR above 5% in rubberized GO modified ECC has insignificant effect on sulphate attack. In a research to assess the durability of 5 years aged lightweight concrete containing rubber aggregate was conducted by Nadine et al (Asroun et al, 2017).…”

Sound-Absorbing Acoustic Concretes: A Review

“…A lightweight concrete mix was prepared in this research by the lightweight clay expansion as a coarse aggregate and furnace bottom ash (FBA) as a fine aggregate [120]. Results showed that the overall noise reduction was 32.50 dB in the replacement of the entire FBA with recycled rubber aggregates, which a reduction substantially above 15.50 dB was already achieved by a control concrete mix made without rubber [19,[121][122][123]. The surface of recycled rubber aggregates has been adjusted with a simple procedure for the pretreatment of cement slurry.…”

Thermal Behavior and Energy Efficiency of Modified Concretes in the Tropical Climate: A Systemic Review

“…Several factors affect the concrete thermal conductivity [55]. For instance, the type of aggregate [56,57], the properties of cementitious materials [58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66], moisture content [67,68], design buildup [69][70][71][72][73][74], temperature [75,76], concrete density [12,[77][78][79][80], etc. The measurement of concrete thermal conduction is divided into steady-state and transient methods [81].…”