Effect of Waste Tire Rubber on the Durability Behavior of Cement Composites: A Review

Abdulkadir, Isyaka; Mohammed, Bashar S.

doi:10.12962/jifam.v2i0.8408

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(68 reference statements)

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“…The volume is expected to escalate due to increased traffic, with annual disposed waste tires reaching 5 billion by 2030. The negative consequences of indiscriminate waste tire disposal include, among other things, the loss of usable land, a rise in pests and rodents, and the likelihood of an uncontrollable fire outbreak with dangerous smoke emissions [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ]. Furthermore, the tires emit harmful leachate into the earth, polluting the land and water around them [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical, Microstructural and Drying Shrinkage Properties of NaOH-Pretreated Crumb Rubber Concrete: RSM-Based Modeling and Optimization

et al. 2022

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One of the primary causes of the low mechanical properties of rubberized concrete is the weak bond between crumb rubber (CR) and hardened cement paste. Many CR pretreatment techniques have been researched in an attempt to mitigate this problem. The NaOH pretreatment method is one of the most widely used, although the reported results are inconsistent due to the absence of standardized NaOH pretreatment concentrations and CR replacement levels. This study aims to develop models for predicting the mechanical and shrinkage properties of NaOH-pretreated CR concrete (NaOH-CRC) and conduct multi-objective optimization using response surface methodology (RSM). The RSM generated experimental runs using three levels (0, 5, and 10%) of both NaOH pretreatment concentration and the CR replacement level of fine aggregate by volume as the input factors. At 28 days, the concrete’s compressive, flexural, and tensile strengths (CS, FS, and TS), as well as its drying shrinkage (S), were evaluated as the responses. The results revealed that higher CR replacements led to lower mechanical strengths and higher shrinkage. However, the strength loss and the shrinkage significantly reduced by 22%, 44%, 43%, and 60% for CS, FS, TS, and S, respectively, after the pretreatment. Using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), the microstructural investigation indicated a significantly reduced interfacial transition zone (ITZ) with increasing NaOH pretreatment. The developed RSM models were evaluated using ANOVA and found to have high R2 values ranging from 78.7% to 98%. The optimization produced NaOH and CR levels of 10% and 2%, respectively, with high desirability of 71.4%.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical, Microstructural and Drying Shrinkage Properties of NaOH-Pretreated Crumb Rubber Concrete: RSM-Based Modeling and Optimization

et al. 2022

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“…ECC is mainly utilized for repair and retrofitting works, although many attempts are being made to improve its properties for structural purposes [ 4 , 9 , 10 ]. In this regard, researchers have discovered that incorporating CR in ECC improves energy absorption, enhances microcrack formation and ductility, and leads to better durability properties [ 4 , 5 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ]. In addition, CR is reported to prevent explosive spalling of ECC at elevated temperatures by melting and providing escape routes for the vapor pressure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Graphene Oxide and Crumb Rubber on the Fresh Properties of Self-Compacting Engineered Cementitious Composite Using Response Surface Methodology

et al. 2022

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Graphene oxide-modified rubberized engineered cementitious composite (GO-RECC) is attracting the attention of researchers because of the reported benefits of the GO and crumb rubber (CR) on the strength and deformation properties of the composite. While it is well established that GO negatively affects the workability of cementitious composites, its influence on the attainment of the desired self-compacting (SC) properties of ECC has not yet been thoroughly investigated, especially when combined with crumb rubber (CR). In addition, to simplify the number of trial mixes involved in designing SC-GO-RECC, there is a need to develop and optimize the process using Design of Experiment (DOE) methods. Hence, this research aims to investigate and model using response surface methodology (RSM), the combined effects of the GO and CR on the SC properties of ECC through the determination of T500, slump flow, V-funnel, and L-box ratio of the SC-GORECC as the responses, following the European Federation of National Associations Representing for Concrete (EFNARC) 2005 specifications. The input factors considered were the GO by wt.% of cement (0.02, 0.04, 0.06, and 0.08) and CR as a replacement of fine aggregate by volume (5, 10, and 15%). The results showed that increasing the percentages of GO and CR affected the fresh properties of the SC-GORECC adversely. However, all mixes have T500 of 2.4 to 5.2 s, slump flow of 645 to 800 mm, V-funnel time of 7.1 to 12.3 s, and L-box ratio (H2/H1) of 0.8 to 0.98, which are all within acceptable limits specified by EFNARC 2005. The developed response prediction models were well fitted with R2 values ranging from 91 to 99%. Through the optimization process, optimal values of GO and CR were found to be 0.067% and 6.8%, respectively, at a desirability value of 1.0.

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“…This practice has a double advantage for the environment due to solving the waste disposal challenge and natural aggregate depletion [ 4 ]. The use of CR in concrete enhances the deformation capacity, impact resistance, energy absorption, resistance to cyclic freezing and thawing, decrease in water absorption, and chloride permeability [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of Crumb Rubber and High-Volume Fly Ash in Concrete for Environmental Sustainability: RSM-Based Modeling and Optimization

et al. 2021

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Waste tire and fly ash (FA) are two waste materials whose disposal and rapid rate of accumulation are among the pressing sources of concern and threat to the environment. Although much research exists on the use of these materials in cementitious composites, very little literature is available on the effectiveness of combining them in high volumes for concrete production. This work aimed to utilize crumb rubber (CR) from waste tires as a partial replacement of fine aggregate at 15%, 22.25%, and 30% by volume, and high-volume fly ash (HVFA) replacement of cement at 50%, 60%, and 70% (by weight of cementitious materials) to produce high-volume fly ash–crumb rubber concrete (HVFA–CRC). Using the central composite design (CCD) option of the response surface methodology (RSM), 13 mixes were produced with different combinations and levels of the CR and FA (the input factors) on which the responses of interest (compressive, flexural, and tensile strengths) were experimentally investigated. Furthermore, the composite influence of CR and HVFA on the workability of the concrete was assessed using the slump test. The results showed a decline in the mechanical properties with increasing replacement levels of the CR and HVFA. However, up to 22.25% and 60% of CR and HVFA replacements, respectively, produced a structural HVFA–CRC with a compressive strength of more than 20 MPa at 28 days. Response predictive models were developed and validated using ANOVA at a 95% confidence level. The models had high R2 values ranging from 95.26 to 97.74%. Multi-objective optimization was performed and validated with less than 5% error between the predicted and experimental responses.

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Effect of Waste Tire Rubber on the Durability Behavior of Cement Composites: A Review

Cited by 7 publications

References 43 publications

Mechanical, Microstructural and Drying Shrinkage Properties of NaOH-Pretreated Crumb Rubber Concrete: RSM-Based Modeling and Optimization

Mechanical, Microstructural and Drying Shrinkage Properties of NaOH-Pretreated Crumb Rubber Concrete: RSM-Based Modeling and Optimization

Effects of Graphene Oxide and Crumb Rubber on the Fresh Properties of Self-Compacting Engineered Cementitious Composite Using Response Surface Methodology

Utilization of Crumb Rubber and High-Volume Fly Ash in Concrete for Environmental Sustainability: RSM-Based Modeling and Optimization

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