Experimental Study of the Mechanical Behaviour of Bricks from 19th and 20th Century Buildings in the Province of Zamora (Spain)

Abstract

Abstract:Interventions in historic brick buildings require an exhaustive analysis of the current characteristics of bricks in order to establish the role performed by these elements in the buildings. This study presents the results of an experimental analysis of the compressive strength of brick specimens extracted from different buildings built in the 19th and 20th centuries in the province of Zamora (Spain). The study analyses specimens with very different characteristics to compare results from different masonry units and manufacturing processes. Specimens are classified into four groups according to their macroscopic and microscopic analyses. Compressive strength results are correlated to the above classification and to the results of density, absorption and open porosity of the samples. The compressive strength results present high variation between clay bricks (9.2-64.4 N/mm 2 ) and between samples extracted from the same brick due to the heterogeneity of the material. Correlations between compressive strength and open porosity, absorption and dry density values are observed, with less dispersion in the case of high sintering level, up to 1000 • C. Finally, the compliance with the current Spanish Technical Building Code with respect to their compressive strength is checked.

3D-Printed Biodigital Clay Bricks

“…In the current study, a digital simulation was applied to perform a two-step simulation of the reaction-diffusion behavior based on clay's hydrophilic properties and water content diffusion through its particles, as well as tuning the structural coherency of the resulting forms by applying the shortest path algorithm to minimize the distance between every two bearing points in the brick's design, resulting in a distributed load effect. As implied from the structural function of the bricks, the function can be broken down into its physical and mechanical requirements [35]. The first of these requirements is the load distribution avoiding stress being concentrated over specific points.…”

A Comparative Study on Hygric Properties and Compressive Strength of Ceramic Bricks

“…In addition, ceramic products must have a compressive strength of not less than 17.2 MPa. In the case of bricks obtained from existing buildings, the compressive strength can take values from a few MPa to as high as 80 MPa, depending on the material taken [ 26 , 27 ]. Research by Grubeša et al [ 17 ] and Stryszewska et al [ 28 ] shows that brick samples with strengths greater than 15 MPa can show significant signs of deterioration.…”

Evaluación de la influencia de la humedad en el comportamiento térmico en los cerramientos de fábrica de ladrillo del patrimonio cultural. Propuesta de ensayo para evaluar el contenido de agua.

“…La elección de los ladrillos sobre los que se han realizado los ensayos ha sido una decisión ampliamente meditada, entre otras cosas y como ya se ha expuesto, por la enorme variedad de piezas en lo que se refiere a su tipología y forma de fabricación (tejar, extrusionados, prensados, etc.) dimensiones, porosidad, densidad etc, sumada a la experiencia de otras investigaciones (Camino et al, 2014;Camino Olea, 2001;Camino-Olea et al, 2019;Llorente-Álvarez, 2018;Ramos Gavilán et al, 2018;Rodríguez-Esteban et al, 2014). Esto debido por una parte a las numerosas tejerías que proveían de ladrillos a la zona objeto de estudio y, por otra, a la heterogeneidad que existía en cuanto a formatos, mezclas, procedencias de las materias primas, y procesos productivos con alto componente manual.…”

“…(Barbero Barrera, 2011;Barrero et al, n.d.;Cuerda Barcaiztegui & Neila González, 2012;Demirbilek & Yener, 1996;Lidelöw et al, 2019c;Perier, 1853) (Barbero- Barrera et al, 2014;Olivieri, 2013;Olivieri et al, 2009Olivieri et al, , 2014Rivera et al, 2017;Ruiz et al, 2012) (Camino Olea, 2001;Lucas Bonilla et al, 2021;Montalban Pozas, 2015;Muriel Holgado et al, 2021;Olea & Montoro, 2014;Pozas & Espada, 2016;Ramos Gavilán et al, 2018;Villegas et al, 2018)…”