Experimental study of the impedance behavior of 18650 lithium-ion battery cells under deforming mechanical abuse

Spielbauer, Markus; Berg, Philipp; Ringat, Michael; Bohlen, Oliver; Jossen, Andreas

doi:10.1016/j.est.2019.101039

Cited by 50 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Spielbauer et al experimentally studied the impedance behavior of mechanically damaged 18 650 cells. 34 This study found that the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) shows no changes under smallsize nail indentation until the onset of an ISC, but largearea compression leads to an increase in ohmic resistance. Similar observations have been made later in other experimental work.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…This is of great importance in evaluating the end‐of‐life or second‐life options for the spent EV cells. Spielbauer et al experimentally studied the impedance behavior of mechanically damaged 18 650 cells 34 . This study found that the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) shows no changes under small‐size nail indentation until the onset of an ISC, but large‐area compression leads to an increase in ohmic resistance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Damage of prismatic lithium‐ion cells subject to bending: Test, model, and detection

Xing

Watkins

et al. 2022

EcoMat

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The mechanically induced internal short circuit (ISC) is one of the major safety concerns of lithium-ion batteries. Mechanical abuse tests are often performed to evaluate the integrity and safety of lithium-ion batteries under mechanical loadings. Except for the widely explored compressiondominated indentation tests, bending is another typical real-world loading condition that is tension-dominated. To investigate the mechanical damage and ISC behavior of batteries under bending, we carried out controlled three-point bending tests in four progressive steps on prismatic battery cells with maximum deflections ranging from 38% to 76% of the cell thickness. None of the tested cells experienced an ISC. We then conducted 3D X-ray computed tomography (CT) scanning on the bent cells after unloading.X-ray CT images showed three out of the four tested cells have extensive cracking in the electrode layers at the bottom side (opposite to the loading head). This indicates that cracking does not necessarily lead to an ISC under bending. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was also measured on the bent cells and substantial changes were observed. Both the bulk resistance and charge-transfer resistance increased significantly after bending, which could influence the battery performance and lifespan. We then developed a detailed finite (FE) element model to further investigate the mechanical deformation and failure mechanisms. The FE model successfully predicts the load-displacement response and reproduces the deformation patterns. The findings and the FE model developed in the present study provide useful insights and tools for the battery structure and crash safety design.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Damage of prismatic lithium‐ion cells subject to bending: Test, model, and detection

Xing

Watkins

et al. 2022

EcoMat

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…EIS is performed by applying small amplitude perturbation signal to the battery input and then measuring its response on the output. Typically EIS measurements use mono-component sinusoidal excitation [3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Hence the impedance is calculated only at a limited number of frequency points (usually ten frequencies per decade).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast Impedance Measurement of Li-Ion Battery Using Discrete Random Binary Excitation and Wavelet Transform

et al. 2021

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Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a widely used means for characterization of the dynamics of batteries and electrochemical energy conversion systems in general. EIS is useful for on-line condition monitoring since it contains valuable information on the internal condition of the batteries. The conventional approach to the EIS of batteries relies on their successive excitation with mono-component sinusoidal signals at the pre-defined frequencies. When inferring about the battery's state-of-health, the low-frequency part of the impedance characteristic is of particular interest. Excitation in the low-frequency region can take an excessively long time. Moreover, maintaining stable experimental conditions over long time intervals i na way that the external disturbances will not affect the estimated impedance, might be demanding, especially in the in-field applications. To alleviate the said limitations, and to minimally intrude the process operation, in this paper we apply broadband electrochemical impedance spectroscopy based on a discrete random binary sequence for perturbation of the battery input. The impedance is evaluated by processing voltage and current signals with continuous Morse wavelet transform. The main contributions of the paper refer to (i) the accurate evaluation of the impedance spectra from µHz to kHz range with high-frequency resolution (more than 200 points per decade) and (ii) the evaluation of the uncertainty region of the impedance characteristic. The entire characterisation takes only a fraction of the time required by the classical sine-based electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The algorithm is successfully demonstrated on a commercial Li-ion battery, which, together with the all datasets are available for download at https://repo.ijs.si/gnusev/supplementary_material.git.

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“…However, its overcharging also includes one of the most severe safety issues for applications of lithium-ion batteries [30,58]. Analysis of outcomes from quasi-static loading states on the reaction of the cell and most of the primary research and modeling work were done [58][59][60].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Analysis of Indentation Punch on High Energy Lithium Pouch Cells and Simulated Model Improvement

Ashfaq

Shi

et al. 2021

Polymers

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In this research, the aim relates to the material characterization of high-energy lithium-ion pouch cells. The development of appropriate model cell behavior is intended to simulate two scenarios: the first is mechanical deformation during a crash and the second is an internal short circuit in lithium-ion cells during the actual effect scenarios. The punch test has been used as a benchmark to analyze the effects of different state of charge conditions on high-energy lithium-ion battery cells. This article explores the impact of three separate factors on the outcomes of mechanical punch indentation experiments. The first parameter analyzed was the degree of prediction brought about by experiments on high-energy cells with two different states of charge (greater and lesser), with four different sizes of indentation punch, from the cell’s reaction during the indentation effects on electrolyte. Second, the results of the loading position, middle versus side, are measured at quasi-static speeds. The third parameter was the effect on an electrolyte with a different state of charge. The repeatability of the experiments on punch loading was the last test function analyzed. The test results of a greater than 10% state of charge and less than 10% state of charge were compared to further refine and validate this modeling method. The different loading scenarios analyzed in this study also showed great predictability in the load-displacement reaction and the onset short circuit. A theoretical model of the cell was modified for use in comprehensive mechanical deformation. The overall conclusion found that the loading initiating the cell’s electrical short circuit is not instantaneously instigated and it is subsequently used to process the development of a precise and practical computational model that will reduce the chances of the internal short course during the crash.

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Experimental study of the impedance behavior of 18650 lithium-ion battery cells under deforming mechanical abuse

Cited by 50 publications

References 64 publications

Damage of prismatic lithium‐ion cells subject to bending: Test, model, and detection

Damage of prismatic lithium‐ion cells subject to bending: Test, model, and detection

Fast Impedance Measurement of Li-Ion Battery Using Discrete Random Binary Excitation and Wavelet Transform

Performance Analysis of Indentation Punch on High Energy Lithium Pouch Cells and Simulated Model Improvement

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