Experimental study of the effect of non-Kolmogorov stratospheric turbulence on star image motion

Light propagation through anisotropic turbulence

“…Several experimental data and measurements indicate that the turbulence in the upper troposphere and stratosphere, or along nonhomogeneous path, deviates from predictions of the Kolmogorov model [2][3][4][5][6]. Other experiments showed that atmospheric turbulence in maritime environments can assume a different statistical behavior with respect to Kolmogorov [7][8][9][10][11][12][13].…”

Non-Kolmogorov atmospheric turbulence and optical signal propagation

“…However, as demonstrated by Belen'kii et al (1997Belen'kii et al ( , 1999, the experimental dependence σ 2 (d) is steeper than one obtained using Eq. (5), and at d≥0.75 m it becomes slightly dependent on the aperture and even somewhat grows with increasing d. As the authors of these studies have pointed out, the application of Karman's model or semi-empirical model (Sasiela and Shelton, 1993) allows one to approximate the experimental data at d≤0.7 m using the external scale parameter L 0 ≈3-6 m for one model and L 0 ≈6-12 m for another.…”

“…It was obtained that spectra of similar type are observed in the troposphere starting from the altitudes around 6 km. Besides, such spectra of atmospheric inhomogeneities fluctuations are characteristic of the stratosphere, too (Gurvich and Belen'kii, 1995;Belen'kii et al, 1997). The model suggested in these works combining temperature fluctuations at tropospheric altitudes in a "standard" OK way, and in the stratosphere -in a non-OK way, -is, apparently, the first modified OK model in the atmospheric optic studies.…”

“…Another manifestation of NOK behavior of the atmospheric turbulence was found during the experiments on the motion of stellar image (stellar jitter) described by Belen'kii et al (1997Belen'kii et al ( , 1999. Experimental data show that the dependence of tilt variance on the telescope diameter does not follow the predictions of the Kolmogorov model.…”

Influence of moderate-to-strong non-Kolmogorov turbulence on the imaging system by atmospheric turbulence MTF

“…Compared with Kolmogorov turbulence, non-Kolmogorov turbulence covers a more wide range of atmospheric layers and this has been demonstrated by experimental results [4][5][6][7] and theoretical investigations [8,9]. Series non-Kolmogorov turbulence refractive-index fluctuations spectral models, including the non-Kolmogorov spectrum [10], the generalized exponential spectrum [11], and the generalized modified atmospheric spectrum [12], have been proposed to investigate the atmospheric turbulence MTF under weak non-Kolmogorov turbulence [11,13].…”