A wealth of experimental data has shown that atmospheric turbulence can be anisotropic; in this case, a Kolmogorov spectrum does not describe well the atmospheric turbulence statistics. In this paper, we show a quantitative analysis of anisotropic turbulence by using a non-Kolmogorov power spectrum with an anisotropic coefficient. The spectrum we use does not include the inner and outer scales, it is valid only inside the inertial subrange, and it has a power-law slope that can be different from a Kolmogorov one. Using this power spectrum, in the weak turbulence condition, we analyze the impact of the power-law variations α on the long-term beam spread and scintillation index for several anisotropic coefficient values ς. We consider only horizontal propagation across the turbulence cells, assuming circular symmetry is maintained on the orthogonal plane to the propagation direction. We conclude that the anisotropic coefficient influences both the long-term beam spread and the scintillation index by the factor ς 2−α .
A wide field-of-view (FOV), theoretically diffraction-limited imaging system is demonstrated using a single positive lens (a singlet), a reflective liquid crystal spatial light modulator (SLM), a turning mirror and a CCD camera. The SLM is used to correct the off-axis aberrations that would otherwise limit the useful FOV of our system. Foveated imaging refers to the variation in spatial resolution across the image caused by using the SLM in this manner.
The field-of-view (FOV) of a simple imaging system can be dramatically improved using a liquid crystal spatial light modulator (SLM). A SLM can be used to correct the off-axis aberrations that often limit the useful FOV of an imaging system giving near diffraction-limited performance at much larger field angles than would otherwise be possible. Foveated imaging refers to the variation in spatial resolution across the image caused by using the SLM in this application, and it is useful in reducing bandwidth requirements for data transmission.
Multielement nematic liquid-crystal devices have been used by others and ourselves for closed-loop adaptive control of optical wave-front distortions. Until recently the phase retardance of available devices could be controlled rapidly in only one direction. The phase retardance of the dual-frequency device can be controlled rapidly in both directions. Understanding the dynamics of the phase retardance change is critical to the development of a high-speed control algorithm. We describe measurements and experiments leading to the closed-loop control of a multielement dual-frequency liquid-crystal adaptive optic.
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