Experimental Study of Sand-Storm Effect on Digital FSO Communication Link

De, Sampurna; Raj, A. Arockia Bazil

doi:10.1109/rteict49044.2020.9315587

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…There are four categories of dust events based on visibility range, namely, dust haze (light dust), blowing dust (light dust), dust storm (moderate dust ), and severe dust storm (dense dust). As a result, table (2) represents categories of dust storms into four kinds depending on visibility range and visibility range V is calculated using the following equation: [15]…”

Section: Dust Attenuationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…FSOC technologies are becoming increasingly appealing and significant as the demand for high-speed communication grows. FSOC lines are critical for meeting the demand for future terrestrial and ground space communication applications [2]." The modulated light is used in FSO communications, a line-of-sight (LOS) technique, to convey information across stations in constant or mobile instances.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simulation Design of Compensation Technique in FSO Communication System for PSK and ASK Modulation using Phase Shift and Filter of Delay under Atmospheric Turbulences

Gazzi,

Ali,

Mohammed

2023

Preprint

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It's essential to communicate quickly. Recent issues include increased data consumption and a crowded radio frequency spectrum, where free-space optical communication (FSOC) has changed the way people share information in a big way. In place of wired communication systems, it makes it possible to transport voice, video, and data effectively through a medium like air. FSOC on greatly impacts our daily lives because of its large bandwidth and variety of applications. High speed, cost savings, small buildings, low power consumption, energy economy, maximum transfer capacity, and adaptability are some of the main advantages of FSOC. Repair downtime can be reduced because of the quick advancement of high-speed connection technology. It is also now possible to quickly establish a backup network in an emergency and crisis. The design of FSO systems for two types of digital modulation techniques is the primary focus of this work. By adjusting attenuation ranges for a variety of atmospheric turbulence, such as rain, fog, and dust, the performance of PSK and ASK modulations in the FSO system is investigated to get an improved Q-factor, maximum SNR, and power received, which are needed for better communication. PSK has been shown to be an efficient modulation approach for all types of weather, followed by ASK.

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Section: Dust Attenuationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation Design of Compensation Technique in FSO Communication System for PSK and ASK Modulation using Phase Shift and Filter of Delay under Atmospheric Turbulences

Gazzi,

Ali,

Mohammed

2023

Preprint

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“…Understanding light propagation in the presence of particles suspended in a medium is important for a wide range of applications. These include atmospheric modeling, 1 free space optical communications where a signal must be maintained even in the presence of degradation from scattering particles, [2][3][4] a wide variety of lidar applications, 5,6 and astronomical measurements in which the effects of cosmic dust must be accounted for. 7 In order to properly model the propagation of light in these and other circumstances, the index of refraction and extinction coefficient as a function of wavelength of the sand and dust particles, expressed as n(λ) and k(λ), respectively, is required.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of the Optical Constants of Sand Samples Using Ellipsometry on Sand–Adhesive Composites

Frantz,

Hart,

McGinnis

et al. 2024

Appl Spectrosc

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In order to model the propagation of light through a sand cloud, it is critical to have accurate data for the optical constants of the sand particles that comprise it. The same holds true for modeling propagation through particles of any type suspended in a medium. Few methods exist, however, to measure these quantities with high accuracy. In this paper, a characterization method based on spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) that can be applied to a particulate material is presented. In this method, a polished disc of an adhesive compound is prepared, and its optical constants are measured. Next, a mixture of the adhesive and a sand sample is prepared and processed into a polished disc, and SE is performed. By treating the mixture as a Bruggeman effective medium, the optical constants of the particulate material are extracted. For verification of the proposed method, it is first applied to pure silica powder, demonstrating good agreement between measured optical constants and literature values. It is then applied to Arizona road dust, a standard reference material, as well as real desert sand samples. The resulting optical constant data is input into a rigorous scattering model to predict extinction coefficients for various types of sand. Modeling results are compared to spectroscopic measurements on static sand samples, demonstrating good agreement between predicted and measured spectral properties including the presence of a Christiansen feature near a wavelength of 8 µm.

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“…Understanding how light propagates through media consisting of highly scattering particles is of great importance to multiple sensing applications. Many applications that involve the propagation of an optical beam through air, such as free space optical communications, 1–3 lidar, 4,5 and astronomical measurements, 6,7 are impacted by the presence of sand, dust, and other obscurant clouds. Mie's theory describes how light will interact with these obscurants based on the size of the particles and the wavelength of light propagating through the cloud.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Transmission Near the Christiansen Wavelength for Dynamic Sand Samples

McGinnis,

Frantz,

Myers

et al. 2024

Appl Spectrosc

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Many optical applications, including free-space optical communications, lidar, and astronomical measurements, are impacted by the presence of light-scattering particles also known as obscurants. Scattering from particles consisting of sand, dust, dirt, and other substances can significantly degrade optical signals. For many obscurants, the index of refraction is dependent on the wavelength of light, and there exists a Christiansen wavelength (λc) at which scattering is at a minimum. At λc the index of refraction of the scattering particles (ns) matches that of the surrounding medium, in this case air (with refractive index na). This condition makes the scattering particulates almost invisible to the propagating light, minimizing scattering and increasing transmission at λc. Previously, the authors showed a technique for measuring the index of refraction n(λ) and the extinction coefficient k(λ) using spectroscopic ellipsometry for various sand samples. Spectroscopic measurements on static sand samples demonstrated good agreement with the predicted spectral properties and highlighted the presence of a Christiansen feature near 8 µm. However, in outdoor environments, the scattering particles are never stationary but in a constant state of motion. In this work, spectroscopic measurements on dynamic sand samples (sand that is falling through the optical beam path) show two Christiansen features seen previously in predicted and observed static sand measurements. Additionally, we characterize, for the first time, transmission around a Christiansen feature using a tunable laser and show results consistent with other spectroscopic measurements.

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Experimental Study of Sand-Storm Effect on Digital FSO Communication Link

Cited by 9 publications

References 27 publications

Simulation Design of Compensation Technique in FSO Communication System for PSK and ASK Modulation using Phase Shift and Filter of Delay under Atmospheric Turbulences

Simulation Design of Compensation Technique in FSO Communication System for PSK and ASK Modulation using Phase Shift and Filter of Delay under Atmospheric Turbulences

Measurement of the Optical Constants of Sand Samples Using Ellipsometry on Sand–Adhesive Composites

Evaluation of Transmission Near the Christiansen Wavelength for Dynamic Sand Samples

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