Experimental study of mismatch and shading effects in the – characteristic of a photovoltaic module

Alonso-García, Montserrat; Ruiz, José María Ruiz; Chenlo, F.

doi:10.1016/j.solmat.2005.04.022

Cited by 328 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Previous experiments have shown that differences in the reverse bias characteristic of cells can lead to dissimilar shaded and hot-spot response of cells that have otherwise similar forward characteristics. [13,14,15] Because of this variation in reverse characteristic, some cells are more susceptible to shade than others. In particular, Type A or high shunt resistance cells have a flat reverse bias characteristic [16 ] and as such are particularly susceptible to biasing to high negative voltages with small amounts of shade.…”

Section: Fig 3: Module Voltages Are Shown For a Typical Day One Celmentioning

confidence: 99%

Partially shaded operation of a grid-tied PV system

Deline

2009

2009 34th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)

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Partial shading of a PV installation has a disproportionate impact on its power production. This paper presents background and experimental results from a single string grid-tied PV system, operated under a variety of shading conditions. In this configuration a shadow can represent a reduction in power over 30 times its physical size. Results are presented relating size and positions of shading to power reduction of the PV system. A simulation method is also described that provides an accurate description of shade based on a single site survey. This process can provide the basis for an accurate simulation of power reduction in a partially shaded PV system.

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Section: Fig 3: Module Voltages Are Shown For a Typical Day One Celmentioning

confidence: 99%

Partially shaded operation of a grid-tied PV system

Deline

2009

2009 34th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)

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“…The main focus so far was on avoiding thermal destruction of modules (e.g., by using bypass diodes) rather than on the investigation of the microscopic origins of the hot spots. 5,6 However, in the last years several authors have investigated the reverse I-V characteristic of solar cells in detail. To understand the physics behind breakdown in solar cells is one of the major issues to have an eye on in the future of silicon solar cells, and becomes even more important for the new solar cell materials like upgraded metallurgical grade (UMG) silicon.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding junction breakdown in multicrystalline solar cells

Breitenstein

Bauer

Bothe

et al. 2011

Journal of Applied Physics

121

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Extensive investigations on industrial multicrystalline silicon solar cells have shown that, for standard 1 X cm material, acid-etched texturization, and in absence of strong ohmic shunts, there are three different types of breakdown appearing in different reverse bias ranges. Between À4 and À9 V there is early breakdown (type 1), which is due to Al contamination of the surface. Between À9 and À13 V defect-induced breakdown (type 2) dominates, which is due to metal-containing precipitates lying within recombination-active grain boundaries. Beyond À13 V we may find in addition avalanche breakdown (type 3) at etch pits, which is characterized by a steep slope of the I-V characteristic, avalanche carrier multiplication by impact ionization, and a negative temperature coefficient of the reverse current. If instead of acid-etching alkaline-etching is used, all these breakdown classes also appear, but their onset voltage is enlarged by several volts. Also for cells made from upgraded metallurgical grade material these classes can be distinguished. However, due to the higher net doping concentration of this material, their onset voltage is considerably reduced here.

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“…In fact, the fitting errors can be significant in some specific PV module V-I ranges as will be pointed out in Section 4. Hence, such method cannot fulfill the requirement of state-of-the-art researches [3,4,15] that the whole operating range should be accurately modeled for maximizing the energy efficiency.…”

Section: Pv Module Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, as long as the corner cases can cover the full range of interest, the emulation system guarantees a certain level of accuracy. However, recent research [3,4,15] have decisively shown that not only the MPP but also the whole operating range should be accurately modeled in order to maximize energy efficiency of the PV module. In addition, previous emulation systems rely on the pre-measured or synthetic environmental data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Versatile high-fidelity photovoltaic module emulation system

Lee

Kim

Wang

et al. 2011

IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design

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Photovoltaic (PV) cells are promising endurable renewable power sources that do not include mechanical components, which are subject to wear and tear. However, actual development of a solarpowered system requires elaborated design processes to find the best setup including location determination and development of a maximum power point tracking method, which requires numerous on-site experiments.This paper introduces a versatile PV module emulation system, which can cover a range of different PV modules and environmental conditions. We provide an accurate parameter characterization methodology with nonlinear curve fitting to minimize the model discrepancy over the entire operating range. The proposed PV module emulation system includes a pilot PV cell, temperature sensors, an accelerometer, and a magnetic sensor, and provides features for the PV module characterization and emulation modes. Experimental results show significant improvement in the emulation accuracy, which comes from the advanced PV module characterization method as well as high-precision hardware and control.

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Experimental study of mismatch and shading effects in the – characteristic of a photovoltaic module

Cited by 328 publications

References 5 publications

Partially shaded operation of a grid-tied PV system

Partially shaded operation of a grid-tied PV system

Understanding junction breakdown in multicrystalline solar cells

Versatile high-fidelity photovoltaic module emulation system

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