Experimental study of gas flow through a multi-opening orifice

Gronych, T.; Jerab, M.; Peksa, L.; Wild, Jan; Staněk, František; Vičar, Martin

doi:10.1016/j.vacuum.2012.02.008

Cited by 20 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…For instance, a continuous flow standard is based on gas flows through conical and spherical ducts shapes [18,19]. In the free-molecular regime, the flow rate through an aperture is expressed in terms of the transmission probability (TP) [20].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of gas–surface interaction on gaseous transmission probability through conical and spherical ducts

Sharipov

Barreto

2015

Vacuum

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of gas–surface interaction on gaseous transmission probability through conical and spherical ducts

Sharipov

Barreto

2015

Vacuum

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“…In order to avoid cross talk between individual apertures, the distance is chosen to be approximately 3 times the aperture diameter. This estimation is based on the work by Gronych et al 43 However, recent simulations show that the inter aperture distance can be reduced much further (see description in Sec. V C).…”

Section: B Aperture Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

A high-pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy instrument for studies of industrially relevant catalytic reactions at pressures of several bars

Amann

Degerman

Lee

et al. 2019

Review of Scientific Instruments

115

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We present a new high-pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy system dedicated to probing catalytic reactions under realistic conditions at pressures of multiple bars. The instrument builds around the novel concept of a "virtual cell" in which a gas flow onto the sample surface creates a localized high-pressure pillow. This allows the instrument to be operated with a low pressure of a few millibar in the main chamber, while simultaneously a local pressure exceeding 1 bar can be supplied at the sample surface. Synchrotron based hard x-ray excitation is used to increase the electron mean free path in the gas region between sample and analyzer while grazing incidence <5 ○ close to total external refection conditions enhances surface sensitivity. The aperture separating the high-pressure region from the differential pumping of the electron spectrometer consists of multiple, evenly spaced, micrometer sized holes matching the footprint of the x-ray beam on the sample. The resulting signal is highly dependent on the sample-to-aperture distance because photoemitted electrons are subject to strong scattering in the gas phase. Therefore, high precision control of the sample-to-aperture distance is crucial. A fully integrated manipulator allows for sample movement with step sizes of 10 nm between 0 and −5 mm with very low vibrational amplitude and also for sample heating up to 500 ○ C under reaction conditions. We demonstrate the performance of this novel instrument with bulk 2p spectra of a copper single crystal at He pressures of up to 2.5 bars and C1s spectra measured in gas mixtures of CO + H 2 at pressures of up to 790 mbar. The capability to detect emitted photoelectrons at several bars opens the prospect for studies of catalytic reactions under industrially relevant operando conditions.Published under license by AIP Publishing. https://doi. ARTICLEscitation.org/journal/rsi FIG. 13. Mass spectrometry signal of m/z corresponding to CO (red), O 2 (blue), and CO 2 (black) and left axis. The single crystal temperature (dashed black and right axis) was ramped at a rate of 2.5 ○ C/s.

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“…U početnim istraživanjima su se eksperimentalno ispitivali standardni oblici mernih blendi i poredili sa postavljenim matematičkim modelima u cilju optimizacije potrošnje energije i tačnosti merenja protoka, a jedan pravac istraživanja se kretao ka predlaganju novih oblika mernih blendi. Novi oblici mernih blendi su ispitivani u laboratorijskim uslovima [3][4][5][6][7]. Rezultati tih ispitivanja su poređeni sa rezultatima prethodnih istraživanja ili su postavljani matematički modeli, koji su zatim poređeni sa eksperimentalnim rezultatima [8][9][10][11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Slika 1 Profil Apsolutnog Statičkog Pritiska Fluida Na Zid unclassified

Analysis of new forms of orifice plates using computational fluid dynamics

Halas

Bera

Omorjan

et al. 2019

Hem Ind

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Izvod U mnogim granama tehnike javljaju se problemi merenja protoka fluida. Merne blende, zbog svojih mnogih prednosti predstavljaju najzastupljeniji instrument za merenje protoka fluida kroz cevovode. Sa druge strane njihova upotreba povećava troškove rada industrijskih postrojenja i cevovoda. U ovom radu dizajnirana su i ispitana tri nova oblika mernih blendi. Njihov cilj je bio ušteda energije, a samim tim i smanjenje troškova rada. Novi oblici mernih blendi, kao i jedna standardnog oblika koja je poslužila kao referentna, dizajnirani su u programskom paketu SolidWorks. Ušteda energije je postignuta dizajnom koji smanjuje otpor merne blende kao elementa cevovoda. Zatim su, prema predloženom algoritmu, dizajnirani oblici ispitani pomoću simulacije računarske dinamike fluida (RDF) u programskom paketu COMSOL Multiphysics i primenom tehnologije 3D štampanja, FDM postupkom (eng. Fused Deposition Modeling), izrađeni i ispitani u laboratorijskim uslovima. Rezultati laboratorijskih ispitivanja su prikazani uporedo sa rezultatima RDF simulacije. Dobijeni rezultati pokazuju znatan efekat uštede energije. Utvrđeno je da se pomoću RDF simulacije mogu dobiti podaci na osnovu kojih se može doneti odluka da li novi oblik merne blende treba korigovati ili ima smisla pristupiti laboratorijskom ispitivanju.

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Experimental study of gas flow through a multi-opening orifice

Cited by 20 publications

References 15 publications

Influence of gas–surface interaction on gaseous transmission probability through conical and spherical ducts

Influence of gas–surface interaction on gaseous transmission probability through conical and spherical ducts

A high-pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy instrument for studies of industrially relevant catalytic reactions at pressures of several bars

Analysis of new forms of orifice plates using computational fluid dynamics

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