Experimental study of atomic 4dgiant resonances by photoabsorption and photoelectron spectroscopy: Sm, Eu, and Gd

Richter, M.; Meyer, Michael; Pahler, M.; Prescher, T.; Raven, E. v.; Sonntag, B.; Wetzel, H.

doi:10.1103/physreva.40.7007

Cited by 84 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 27 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…As described by Filevich et al [13], EUV emission from laser-produced plasmas creates a cold plasma on the target surface dominated by low ion stages. As the photoabsorption profile of neutral to 3 times ionized Gd consists of giant resonances in the 7−9 nm range with cross sections up to tens of Mb [14][15][16], radiation trapping by low ion stages may considerably reduce the observed intensity in this region. …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of viewing angle on the spectral behavior of a Gd plasma source near 6.7 nm

O’Gorman

Ôtsuka

Yugami

et al. 2012

Applied Physics Letters

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We have demonstrated the effect of viewing angle on the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) emission spectra of gadolinium (Gd) near 6.7 nm. The spectra are shown to have a strong dependence on viewing angle when produced with a laser pulse duration of 10 ns, which may be attributed to absorption by low ion stages of Gd and an angular variation in the ion distribution. Absorption effects are less pronounced at a 150-ps pulse duration due to reduced opacity resulting from plasma expansion. Thus for evaluating source intensity, it is necessary to allow for variation with both viewing angle and target orientation.

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of viewing angle on the spectral behavior of a Gd plasma source near 6.7 nm

O’Gorman

Ôtsuka

Yugami

et al. 2012

Applied Physics Letters

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…To obtain an absolute absorption length, Henke et al 32 followed Richter et al 34 who calibrated their gas-phase photoexcitation data by matching them to calculated cross sections. In this way they arrived at a maxi- mum absorption coefficient at the nonmagnetic Gd N 4,5 peak of µ ≈ 0.1 nm −1 , corresponding to a linear X-ray absorption length λ = 1/µ ≈ 10 nm.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of huge x-ray Faraday rotation at the GdN4,5threshold

et al. 2002

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

X-ray absorption spectra in a wide energy range around the 4d-4f excitation threshold of Gd were recorded by total electron yield from in-plane magnetized Gd metal films. Matching the experimental spectra to tabulated absorption data reveals unprecedented short light absorption lengths down to 3 nm. The associated real parts of the refractive index for circularly polarized light propagating parallel or antiparallel to the Gd magnetization, determined through the KramersKronig transformation, correspond to a magneto-optical Faraday rotation of 0.7• per atomic layer. This finding shall allow the study of magnetic structure and magnetization dynamics of lanthanide elements in nanosize systems and dilute alloys.PACS numbers: 78.20.Ls, 78.70.Dm Resonance enhancements of X-ray magnetic scattering cross sections at inner-shell absorption edges 1,2 have been used for years to investigate the magnetic structure of lanthanide 3 and actinide 4 systems in the hard X-ray regime (above 2 keV). The experimental demonstration of large changes in the specularly reflected X-ray intensity at the Fe L 2,3 edge 5 upon magnetization reversal initiated the ongoing search for magneto-optical (MO) effects in the soft X-ray regime, 6,7,8,9,10,11,12 as well as their application to element-specific studies of heteromagnetic systems. 13,14,15,16,17,18 Yet, in analyzing soft X-ray MO signals from thin films and multilayer systems with thicknesses comparable to the X-ray wavelength, previous investigations have shown 5,13,18 that a comparison with model calculations 19of the reflected specular intensity (based on the Fresnel equations) is needed in order to extract a layerresolved sample magnetization profile. Several experimental determinations of soft X-ray MO constants have been reported 8,9,10 for ferromagnetic transition metals in the region of the L 2,3 thresholds, but none so far for the lanthanide elements, despite their wide recognition as, e.g., constituents of exchange-spring magnets 20 and magnetic recording media 21 . Only recently has it been demonstrated that sizeable MO signals are obtained from lanthanide elements in the soft X-ray region at the N 4,5 thresholds. 22Here we show that calibrated N 4,5 absorption spectra from magnetized Gd metal, recorded with circularly polarized (CP) light in the energy interval from 110 to 200 eV, yield an X-ray absorption coefficient up to three times larger than expected. The magnetizationdependent absorption of CP light at the Gd N 4,5 giant resonance maximum, described by the imaginary part of the refraction index, is accompanied by a huge change in light propagation speed upon magnetization reversal, a dispersive effect described by the real part of the refraction index, implying a Faraday rotation (FR) of about 0.7• per atomic layer. Thus, even very small or diluted lanthanide systems are expected to show a measurable effect.The absorption experiments were performed at the high-resolution UE56 undulator beamline 23 of the Berliner Elektronenspeicherring für Synchrotronstrahlung (BES...

show abstract

“…The broad Eu 5p levels which are caused by spinorbit interaction and the coupling of the open 5p and 4/ shells can be seen at BE = 18.1 eV and 23.1 eV. Also enhanced is the Eu 5s band at a BE of 33.5 eV [72,73]. Calculations [11] corroborate this observation, as the bands near this energy are of Eu 5s character.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…Ge 3d doublet is also seen around 29 eV BE. The broad Gd 5p levels can be seen at BE = 20 eV ~ 25.0 eV as well [72,77]. .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Photoemission Study of the Rare Earth Intermetallic Compounds: RNi2Ge2 (R=Eu, Gd)

Park

2004

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Experimental study of atomic 4dgiant resonances by photoabsorption and photoelectron spectroscopy: Sm, Eu, and Gd

Cited by 84 publications

References 27 publications

The effect of viewing angle on the spectral behavior of a Gd plasma source near 6.7 nm

The effect of viewing angle on the spectral behavior of a Gd plasma source near 6.7 nm

Prediction of huge x-ray Faraday rotation at the GdN4,5threshold

Photoemission Study of the Rare Earth Intermetallic Compounds: RNi<sub>2</sub>Ge<sub>2</sub> (R=Eu, Gd)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About