Experimental study of a direct evaporative cooling approach for Li‐ion battery thermal management

Zhao, Rui; Liu, Jie; Gu, Junjie; Zhai, Long; Ma, Fai

doi:10.1002/er.5402

Cited by 33 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…As one of advanced thermal management systems, direct cooling system takes the advantages of liquid-cooling system and PCM, while the disadvantages are limited by using innovative designs. 19,41 The liquid PCM is adopted to achieve two-stage cooling for enhancing the efficiency, while less necessary components limit the demand of extra mass or space. The liquid coolant flows in the cooling plate connected with battery pack, and the coolant will exchange heat with plate and batteries by conduction and convection.…”

Section: Overview Of Direct Cooling Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The operational mechanism of direct cooling system is that the refrigerating coolant will directly cool the battery system based on evaporating phase‐change process. As one of advanced thermal management systems, direct cooling system takes the advantages of liquid‐cooling system and PCM, while the disadvantages are limited by using innovative designs 19,41 . The liquid PCM is adopted to achieve two‐stage cooling for enhancing the efficiency, while less necessary components limit the demand of extra mass or space.…”

Section: Classification Of Thermal Management Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Essential technologies on the direct cooling thermal management system for electric vehicles

Yang

Zhou

et al. 2021

Intl J of Energy Research

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As the increasing concern of degradation or thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries, direct cooling system on electric vehicles draws much attention and has been broadly researched. Although satisfactory energy efficiency and thermal performance can be achieved according to current appliances, in-depth discussion of system design and modeling is still necessary for providing mature applications. Herein, a comprehensive review of direct cooling system is presented, and essential components on the overall design are introduced as 4C chain (construction of the system, component modeling, cooling plate design, and coolant selection). Construction, coolant, cooling plate, and component modeling are presented independently for discussing the research progress, where detailed information is provided contributing to the selection of essential components. Moreover, the typical applications on electric vehicles of direct cooling are also investigated, and more productions are under research. Apart from system designing, the environmental fitness is also considered and the defects are summarized for system optimization.Considering to achieve future innovative application, digital twin model-based method is delivered for providing the guidance of prospective direct cooling system design, and the method enhances the potential to achieve better thermal management based on digital technologies and cloud-control platform. Based on the innovative development of cloud-controlling platform design and electronic and electrical architecture, the cloud battery controlling provides the chances for online elaborate model-based operation and precise model-based controlling strategy for novel direct cooling system. Novelty StatementA comprehensive review on the general construction of system is presented, and essential components of direct cooling system are also summarized for optimizing the system efficiency. The article highlights the research profile of

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Section: Overview Of Direct Cooling Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Classification Of Thermal Management Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Essential technologies on the direct cooling thermal management system for electric vehicles

Yang

Zhou

et al. 2021

Intl J of Energy Research

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“…Many studies have reported on air and liquid battery cooling as cooling media 14‐20 . Zhao et al 21 presented modified air‐based BTMS by integrating a direct evaporative cooling (DEC) system, which helps reduce the inlet air temperature for enhanced heat dissipation. Yang et al 22 studied Z‐type flow parallel liquid cooling battery pack with different flow paths.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid cooling of cylindrical battery with liquid channels in phase change material

Jilte

Afzal²,

Islam

et al. 2021

Int J Energy Res

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Summary In an electric vehicle, energy storage is in the form of electrochemical batteries, which are prone to thermal runaway and capacity fading if not maintained below safe temperature limits. An efficient battery cooling system is necessary for safer usage of electric cars during their life cycle. The current work presents a novel design that allows the coupling of liquid channels to a phase change material container in cylindrical batteries. The channeling approach allows heat dissipation from the phase change material container to both circulating media and convecting air. The design also helps to operate the cooling system without the circulation of liquid media in case of low ambient conditions. The comparison of the proposed system with a noncoupled liquid channel system is also presented to underline the merits of the system. The cooling media at a supply temperature of 30°C and the flow rate of 30 mL/min is adequate during the high ambient temperature of 40°C. The coupling of liquid channels to phase channel containers resulted in lowering the battery temperature well below 41.2°C even at an extremely high ambient temperature of 40°C.

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“…However, the cooling performance of the air‐based system is limited because of its low heat capacity. To date, various techniques applied in air‐cooling BTMS have been carried out numerically and experimentally by varying air properties, 7,8 configurations of flow channel, 9,10 and cell arrangements 11,12 . Recent studies have reported that forced air‐cooling can be applied successfully with the extreme ambient temperatures of 35°C 13 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical investigation of air cooling system for a densely packed battery to enhance the cooling performance through cell arrangement strategy

Saechan

Dhuchakallaya

2021

Intl J of Energy Research

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Summary Recent studies have revealed that the operating temperature and temperature uniformity within the battery pack significantly affected its performance. In this study, the air‐cooled thermal management system of a densely packed battery pack was numerically investigated under different cell arrangements such as inline, offset, and staggered configurations to evaluate their cooling characteristics. The effects of inlet ambient air velocity and discharge rate were also evaluated to guarantee the temperature of the battery pack operated within an optimal range. The results revealed that increased airflow enhanced the cooling performance of the system but also increased the flow resistance, resulting in large power consumption. A battery pack operating at the low discharge rate of 0.5C might not require forced air‐cooling. For fast discharge rates, especially over 2C‐rate, forced air‐cooling would not be economical for battery thermal management. A narrow cell‐to‐cell distance can decrease the cell temperature and also improve space utilization; however, it increased the power consumption for circulating air and the risk of a thermal runaway propagation. A trade‐off between thermal dissipation and energy consumption was investigated. After comparing several circumstances, the offset layout was the appropriate choice for the air‐cooled thermal management system, followed by the inline layout. It satisfied the requirements of low power consumption, high space utilization, and efficient cooling performance; in particular, the offset layout consumed about 43.1% less power than the inline layout, while losing space utilization of only 6.3%.

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Experimental study of a direct evaporative cooling approach for Li‐ion battery thermal management

Cited by 33 publications

References 35 publications

Essential technologies on the direct cooling thermal management system for electric vehicles

Essential technologies on the direct cooling thermal management system for electric vehicles

Hybrid cooling of cylindrical battery with liquid channels in phase change material

Numerical investigation of air cooling system for a densely packed battery to enhance the cooling performance through cell arrangement strategy

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