Essential technologies on the direct cooling thermal management system for electric vehicles

Abstract

As the increasing concern of degradation or thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries, direct cooling system on electric vehicles draws much attention and has been broadly researched. Although satisfactory energy efficiency and thermal performance can be achieved according to current appliances, in-depth discussion of system design and modeling is still necessary for providing mature applications. Herein, a comprehensive review of direct cooling system is presented, and essential components on the overall design are introduced as 4C chain (construction of the system, component modeling, cooling plate design, and coolant selection). Construction, coolant, cooling plate, and component modeling are presented independently for discussing the research progress, where detailed information is provided contributing to the selection of essential components. Moreover, the typical applications on electric vehicles of direct cooling are also investigated, and more productions are under research. Apart from system designing, the environmental fitness is also considered and the defects are summarized for system optimization.Considering to achieve future innovative application, digital twin model-based method is delivered for providing the guidance of prospective direct cooling system design, and the method enhances the potential to achieve better thermal management based on digital technologies and cloud-control platform. Based on the innovative development of cloud-controlling platform design and electronic and electrical architecture, the cloud battery controlling provides the chances for online elaborate model-based operation and precise model-based controlling strategy for novel direct cooling system. Novelty StatementA comprehensive review on the general construction of system is presented, and essential components of direct cooling system are also summarized for optimizing the system efficiency. The article highlights the research profile of

The role of power device technology in the electric vehicle powertrain

“…Despite being more complex solutions compared to air cooling § § § § § § due to the greater number of components, volume, and weight that reduces the overall power density, they are the most appropriate solution, as the heat transfer capacity of liquid is much greater compared to air. The main liquid cooling methods (Figure 18) that are in use are described below 209,233,242 :…”

“…Despite being more complex solutions compared to air cooling§§§§§§ due to the greater number of components, volume, and weight that reduces the overall power density, they are the most appropriate solution, as the heat transfer capacity of liquid is much greater compared to air. The main liquid cooling methods (Figure 18) that are in use are described below 209,233,242 : Indirect liquid cooling 243 : compared to natural and forced air cooling, indirect liquid cooling reduces the R th . The cold‐plates 244 (Figure 18‐②), a system where there is no direct contact between the semiconductors and the coolant, stand out.…”

Experimental Study on the Thermal Management Performance of Lithium‐Ion Battery Using Phase‐Change Material at Various Ambient Temperatures

“…[14,15] On the other hand, other factors like rapid charging and discharging will cause heat to build up in LIBs, and the high temperature will speed up the side reactions at the electrolyte/ electrode interface and easily result in thermal runaway or even explode in other terrible accidents. [16][17][18][19] Therefore, a battery thermal management system (BTMS) is imperative to ensure LIBs function optimally within their intended temperature range.…”