“…Determination of lanthanide and actinide elemental and isotopic signatures is necessary for problems such as geochemical taphonomy; geochemical provenance; − environmental transport pathways; , nuclear forensic analysis; − human health, nutrition, and bioassay, − materials process monitoring; − and nuclear reactor fuel burn-up, , to name a few. These methods involve f-element preconcentration, if necessary, via methods such as evaporation, adsorption, or extraction, followed by their separation using chromatography, − solid phase extraction, , or electrochemistry, , and then detection by a variety of methods. ,− These methods are similar to approaches used for the determination of transition metal cations in environmental samples. − Although quite sensitive, accurate, and reproducible, methods for f-element isotopic signatures tend to be laborious, and reporting of final results is often slower than desired for emergency response situations …”