Experimental Studies of Thermoelectric Characteristics of Plastically Deformed Steels ST3, 08KP and 12H18N10T

Soldatov, A. I.; Kostina,; Kozhemyak, Olesya A.

doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.685.310

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…where: α -the thermal electromotive force coefficient (TEMFC) which is dependent only on the properties of the contacting materials. The objective of this research was to determine the correlation between the TEMFC and the degree of deformation of the materials [15][16][17][18][19][20], and use it to identify the relative strain of the metal specimens tested. Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental identification of the degree of deformation of a wire subjected to bending

et al. 2018

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This study provides experimental verification of analytical results on maximum strain ε max in elements fabricated by bending a stainless steel wire around a cylinder with given dimensions. The method of measuring the thermal electromotive force (TEMF) of a thermocouple formed by joining the deformed metal specimen to a copper (Cu) conductor showed an increase in the thermal electromotive force coefficient (TEMFC) during heating with increasing degree of plastic deformation. For known values of plastic deformation produced by straining X5CrNi1810 stainless steel wire specimens of ∅2.8 mm diameter, the TEMF was determined as a function of the extent of deformation of the thermocouple consisting of the deformed steel wire specimen and the copper conductor. Based on the correlation (calibration curve), it was shown that the relative strain of the element fabricated by bending the same wire (made of X5CrNi1810 stainless steel, ∅2.8 mm in diameter) around the cylinder of ∅10 mm diameter is 23.8 %.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental identification of the degree of deformation of a wire subjected to bending

et al. 2018

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“…At room temperature, the metastable state of most deformed metals as well as of steel does not transform into a stable state at an appreciable rate since thermal energy is not large enough to overcome the activation energy for microstructural ordering [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. At higher temperatures, thermal energy reaches the value of the activation energy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As temperature increases, structural relaxation occurs in metals and alloys at temperatures lower than crystallization temperatures. This results in short-range ordering, which causes changes in physical and chemical properties as well as in the TEMF [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. When temperature is above the crystallization temperature, nanocrystals first appear in the amorphous matrix.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These nanocrystals grow into larger crystals during crystallization. The appearance and growth of crystals induce microstructural changes that affect the mechanical, magnetic and chemical properties as well as the TEMF of the material [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. H. Chiriac et al [32][33][34] observed a correlation between the TEMF and the evolution of the crystallization process from an amorphous state over a nanocrystalline to a crystalline state of Fe 90 Cu 1 Nb 3 Si 13.5 BB 9 , Fe 90 Hf 7 B 3 B , Fe 90 Zr 7 BB 3 and Fe 77.5 Si 7.5 B 15 B alloys.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of the degree of plastic deformation on the thermal electromotive force of cu-x5crni1810 steel thermocouple

et al. 2018

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The thermal electromotive force (TEMF) and the thermal electromotive force coefficient (TEMFC) of the thermocouple consisting of a copper wire and an (X5CrNi1810) steel wire plastically deformed under tension or bending conditions were found to increase with increasing degree of plastic deformation. The increase in the degree of deformation disturbs the microstructure of steel due to increases in the density of chaotically distributed dislocations and internal microstress, resulting in a decrease in the electron density of states near the Fermi level. Through the effect of thermal energy, annealing at elevated temperatures up to 300 o C leads to microstructural ordering along with simultaneous increases in the free electron density of states, TEMF and TEMFC. Based on the temporal change of the TEMF, the kinetics of microstructural ordering was determined. During the initial time interval, the process is a kinetically controlled first-order reaction. In the second time interval, the process is controlled by the diffusion of reactant species.

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“…However, unreliable results are often obtained due to the heterogeneity and roughness of the surface, which correspondingly leads to a multipoint contact [4,5]. The impact of the surface quality has been investigated and the results are presented later in this paper.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface inspection problems in thermoelectric testing

2017

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Abstract. This paper demonstrates the outcome of experimental studies on thermoelectric characteristics of thermocouples. Measurements were carried out using different types of thermocouples; each studied alone then investigated when they are connected in parallel, in order to simulate the imperfect nature of the various multi-contact surface of the tested object. The investigated types were Chromel-Alumel and Nichrome-Constantan. The thermoelectric characteristics were measured at the temperature range 160° -400° Celsius, in order to identify the best operating temperature for the hot electrode. Furthermore, the load resistance is another important factor that has been investigated and therefore varied from 1Ω to 10kΩ, in order to determine its effect on the electrical characteristics of thermocouples. Accordingly, these characteristics will help defining the requirements for an optimum thermoelectric testing.

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Experimental Studies of Thermoelectric Characteristics of Plastically Deformed Steels ST3, 08KP and 12H18N10T

Cited by 16 publications

References 3 publications

Experimental identification of the degree of deformation of a wire subjected to bending

Experimental identification of the degree of deformation of a wire subjected to bending

Effect of the degree of plastic deformation on the thermal electromotive force of cu-x5crni1810 steel thermocouple

Surface inspection problems in thermoelectric testing

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