Experimental Studies of the Mechanism and Kinetics of Hydration Reactions

Linnow, Kirsten; Niermann, Michael; Bonatz, Dennis; Posern, Konrad; Steiger, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2014.02.046

Cited by 60 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The hydration behaviour of MgSO 4 at various dehydrated temperature was investigated using DSC apparatus, presented in Figure 4. The DSC cooling down measurements of MgSO 4 shows better result than previous reported data by Linnow et al 36 Moreover, the study validates the usefulness of MgSO 4 as solar heat energy material. When MgSO 4 7H 2 O is dehydrated at various high temperatures, the resultant sorption/desorption energy and loss of water are variable.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 76%

Hydration performance and cycling stability of threeTCM:MgSO₄,ZnSO₄andFeSO₄

2020

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Summary Thermochemical heat storage materials offer high‐energy storage densities and clean means of long‐term solar energy storage. The aim of the study is to assess the potential heat storage efficiency of salt hydrates, based on sufficient hydration/dehydration performance, water sorption and cyclicability. MgSO4 7H2O, ZnSO4 7H2O and FeSO4 7H2O were evaluated based on preselected criteria. The main highlights of the dehydration result show that higher enthalpy was obtained for MgSO4 and ZnSO4, shows 2256 and 1731 J g−1 enthalpy, respectively. During hydration process, six water molecules were absorb by MgSO4 and ZnSO4 after pre‐dehydrated temperature 150°C and 120°C, respectively. The cycle stability of MgSO4 and ZnSO4 showed better performance which give rise 1210 g−1 and 1155 J g−1 enthalpy, respectively. It was expected that FeSO4 would show higher cyclicability due to their higher enthalpy (1400 J g−1) in the first round; however, overhydration does not permit it to released larger energy. The impact of relative humidity on water sorption performance and rate of hydration were reported which showed that MgSO4 and ZnSO4 can uptake maximum water under 85% and 75% relative humidity. Ongoing studies and the booming progress of ZnSO4 7H2O illustrate that likewise MgSO4 7H2O, it is also the potential candidate and can be use in thermochemical heat storage devices. To bring zinc sulfate heptahydrate into market, more detail studies in fields of evaluation of advanced materials and development of efficient and compact prototypes are still required.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 76%

Hydration performance and cycling stability of threeTCM:MgSO₄,ZnSO₄andFeSO₄

2020

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“…They reported that the temperature lift in the hydration process of MgSO4 is only about 6.5°C. During the hydration process, the salt crystals may clump together and form a hardly permeable layer that impedes the water uptake [12,13]. The kinetic hindrance prevents the material to display its full theoretical TES capability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance characterizations and thermodynamic analysis of magnesium sulfate-impregnated zeolite 13X and activated alumina composite sorbents for thermal energy storage

Wang

et al. 2019

Energy

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The composite sorbents of MgSO4-impregnated zeolite 13X and activated alumina are developed for thermal energy storage (TES) with different temperature ranges. The sorption and desorption characteristics of raw and MgSO4-impregnated activated alumina are studied, and the performances of the selected sorbents are tested in a closed-system TES device. The results are compared with those of raw and MgSO4-impregnated zeolite 13X. It is shown that the impregnated MgSO4 improves the overall TES performances of zeolite 13X and activated alumina. Compared to the raw host matrices, the impregnated MgSO4 remarkably accelerates the temperature-rising rate of zeolite 13X to about three times and improves the temperature lift of activated alumina by 32.5%. The experimental energy storage densities of MgSO4-impregnated zeolite 13X and activated alumina are 123.4 kWh m −3 and 82.6 kWh m −3 , respectively. The sorption temperature region of activated alumina is more aligned with the preferred hydration temperature of MgSO4 in comparison with zeolite 13X. The hydration characteristics of MgSO4 can resolve the solution leakage issue of open systems.Thermodynamic analysis is conducted to evaluate the performances of the TES device with different sorbents.It is found that entransy can be used to assess thermally and electrically driven TES systems reasonably.

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“…Dispersing the salt in a host matrix is a solution to this self-hindrance issue [21], [37], [38]. Nevertheless, the host matrix of zeolite 13X cannot reach the full theoretical TES capability of the impregnated MgSO4.…”

Section: Effect Of Magnesium Sulfatementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 14 shows the relative humidity-temperature phase diagram of MgSO4-H2O system modified from the literature [38]. During the sorption process, the partial pressure of water vapor is close to the saturation pressure at the evaporating temperature.…”

Section: Effect Of Magnesium Sulfatementioning

confidence: 99%

A zeolite 13X/magnesium sulfate–water sorption thermal energy storage device for domestic heating

Lemington

Wang

et al. 2018

Energy Conversion and Management

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A sorption thermal energy storage (TES) device for domestic heating is presented in this article. The TES device adopts the new design scenario with valve-less adsorber and separate reservoir to eliminate the largediameter vacuum valve for vapor flow, which decreases the cost, reduces the vapor flow resistance, and improves the system reliability. The device is charged by the electric heater, which can add much flexibility to the building energy system as well as contribute to the valley filling and peak shaving from demand side management. The newly developed composite sorbent of zeolite 13X/MgSO4/ENG-TSA (expanded natural graphite treated with sulfuric acid) with the salt mass fraction of 15% in the zeolite 13X/MgSO4 mixture is tested and used in the TES device (denoted as XM15/ENG-TSA). Experimental results show that the TES device with XM15/ENG-TSA has the energy storage density of 120.3 kWh•m −3 at 250°C charging temperature and 25-90°C discharging temperature. The temperature lift is as high as 65-69°C with the adsorption and evaporating temperatures of 25°C. The impregnation of MgSO4 dramatically improves the temperature rising rate during the adsorption heat recovery process, but the specific energy storage capacity of XM15/ENG-TSA is similar to that of zeolite 13X/ENG-TSA. The effect of the impregnated MgSO4 suggests that MgSO4 can be used for low-temperature TES to relieve the self-hindrance of the hydration reaction.

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Experimental Studies of the Mechanism and Kinetics of Hydration Reactions

Cited by 60 publications

References 23 publications

Hydration performance and cycling stability of threeTCM:MgSO₄,ZnSO₄andFeSO₄

Hydration performance and cycling stability of threeTCM:MgSO₄,ZnSO₄andFeSO₄

Performance characterizations and thermodynamic analysis of magnesium sulfate-impregnated zeolite 13X and activated alumina composite sorbents for thermal energy storage

A zeolite 13X/magnesium sulfate–water sorption thermal energy storage device for domestic heating

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Experimental Studies of the Mechanism and Kinetics of Hydration Reactions

Cited by 60 publications

References 23 publications

Hydration performance and cycling stability of threeTCM:MgSO4,ZnSO4andFeSO4

Hydration performance and cycling stability of threeTCM:MgSO4,ZnSO4andFeSO4

Performance characterizations and thermodynamic analysis of magnesium sulfate-impregnated zeolite 13X and activated alumina composite sorbents for thermal energy storage

A zeolite 13X/magnesium sulfate–water sorption thermal energy storage device for domestic heating

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Hydration performance and cycling stability of threeTCM:MgSO₄,ZnSO₄andFeSO₄

Hydration performance and cycling stability of threeTCM:MgSO₄,ZnSO₄andFeSO₄