Experimental studies investigating the structure of soda-lime glasses after silver-sodium ion exchange

Dubiel, M.; Brunsch, S.; Kolb, U.; Gutwerk, Dieter; Bertagnolli, Helmut

doi:10.1016/s0022-3093(97)00230-5

Cited by 46 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The Ag-O distance is 2.15Å. A similar behaviour was already observed for sodium tetrasilicate and sodium aluminosilicate glasses [8], borate glasses [9] and soda-lime glasses with lower amounts of iron [10] as used here. These results show distinct differences compared to the sodium environment of the base glass before the ion exchange.…”

Section: Structural Relaxation Around Ag Ionssupporting

confidence: 85%

“…These results show distinct differences compared to the sodium environment of the base glass before the ion exchange. Usually, the Na-O distances in such sodium silicate glasses are 2.3-2.4Å and the coordination number amounts to approximately five (see for example [8,10]). That means, in spite of the low process temperatures, well below the glass transformation, the silver incorporation causes local rearrangements.…”

Section: Structural Relaxation Around Ag Ionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ag/Na ion exchange in soda-lime glasses and the formation of small Ag nanoparticles

Dubiel¹,

Haug²,

Kruth³

et al. 2008

Materials Science and Engineering: B

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We investigated the formation of very small Ag nanoparticles of 1-2 nm size in soda-lime glass with enhanced amounts of iron oxide by Ag/Na ion exchange procedures. The duration of ion exchange has been chosen between 20 and 600 h to study the processes systematically. It could be shown that structural relaxations take place as the Ag + ions were incorporated into the glass replacing the Na + of the original matrix. X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the Fe K-edge demonstrated that polyvalent Fe ions served as thermosensitive reductive during the ion exchange well below the glass transformation temperature. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) experiments revealed the formation of Ag nanoparticles of sizes from 1.4 to 1.8 nm in surface-near regions for exchange periods up to 400 h at 330• C. By combination of TEM and EXAFS also the presence of metastable particles like, e.g., argentous species in the process of precipitation of very small particles has been indicated. These silver containing precipitates were transformed into crystalline silver nanoparticles for a prolonged ion exchange duration of ≈600 h.

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Section: Structural Relaxation Around Ag Ionssupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Structural Relaxation Around Ag Ionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ag/Na ion exchange in soda-lime glasses and the formation of small Ag nanoparticles

Dubiel¹,

Haug²,

Kruth³

et al. 2008

Materials Science and Engineering: B

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“…Similar changes in IR reflection spectra of Ag + -for-Na + ion-exchanged sodium silicate glass were observed by Yamane et al [50]. Although currently accepted viewpoint holds that ion exchange does not involve changes in the structure of the glass-forming network [51,52], those experimental observations clearly indicate that the larger-for-smaller ion interdiffusion is accompanied by the depolymerization of the glass network via the breaking of Si-O-Si bridging bonds and generation of structural defects, non-bridging oxygen anions and oxygen vacancies. Interestingly, a remarkable similarity in phenomenology related to the glass-network damage is observed in IR reflection spectra of silica glass irradiated by Ar + ions [53].…”

Section: Dissimilar Ion Movement and Network-forming Matrix Responsesupporting

confidence: 73%

Defect model for the mixed mobile ion effect

Belostotsky¹

2007

Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids

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This paper presents a new defect model for the mixed mobile ion effect. The essential physical concept involved is that simultaneous migration of two unlike mobile ions in mixed ionic glass is accompanied by expansion or contraction of the guest-occupied sites with distortion of surrounding glass matrix; in many cases, an intensity of the local stresses in glass matrix surrounding ionic sites occupied by foreign ions is much greater than, or at least comparable to the glass network binding energy. Hence, when the stress exceeds the breaking threshold, relaxation occurs almost immediately via the rupture of the bonds in the nearest glass matrix with generation of pairs of intrinsic structural defects. The specificity of the mechanism of defect generation leads to the clustering of negatively charged defects, so that rearranged sites act as high energy anion traps in glass matrix. This results in the immobilization of almost all minority mobile species and part of majority mobile species, so mixed mobile ion glass behaves as single mobile ion glass of much lower concentration of charge carriers. Generation of defects leads also to the depolymerization of glass network, which in turn results in the reduction of the glass viscosity and Tg as well as in the compaction of glass structure (thermometer effect). The magnitude of the mixed mobile ion effect is defined by the size mismatch of unlike mobile ions, their total and relative concentrations, the binding energy of the glass-forming network, and temperature. Although the proposed model is based upon the exploration of alkali silicate glass-forming system, the approach developed here can be easily adopted to other mixed ionic systems such as crystalline and even liquid ionic conductors.Comment: 33 pages, 2 figure

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“…When assuming CN6, K The coordination environment of different cations is complex. Na + cations have been reported with a mean CN in the range of 4-6 (Greaves, 1981;Greaves et al, 1981;Vessal et al, 1992;HoudeWalter et al, 1993;Cormack and Du, 2001;Du and Cormack, 2004;Bernasconi et al, 2012;Kreski et al, 2012) in silicate glass, but also lower (Dubiel et al, 1997) or higher (McKeown et al, 1985;George and Stebbins, 1996;Weigel et al, 2008) values have been mentioned, depending on compositional changes. K + cations have been reported to most likely have a CN of 8-10 (Jackson et al, 1987;Cormier et al, 2010;Kreski et al, 2012), but here as well, 4-6 have also been reported (Greaves et al, 1991;Kamijo et al, 1996), again depending on composition.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in Effective Diffusion Coefficients for Ion-Exchange Strengthening of Soda-Lime-Silicate Glasses

et al. 2017

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Monovalent cations enable efficient ion-exchange processes due to their high mobility in silicate glasses. Numerous properties can be modified in this way, e.g., mechanical, optical, electrical, or chemical performance. In particular, alkali cation exchange has received significant attention, primarily with respect to introducing compressive stress into the surface region of a glass, which increases mechanical durability. However, most of the present applications rely on specifically tailored matrix compositions in which the cation mobility is enhanced. This largely excludes the major area of soda-lime-silicates (SLS) such as are commodity in almost all large-scale applications of glasses. Basic understanding of the relations between structural parameters and the effective diffusion coefficients may help to improve ion-exchanged SLS glass products, on the one hand in terms of obtainable strength and on the other in terms of cost. In the present paper, we discuss the trends in the effective diffusion coefficients when exchanging Na + for various monovalent cations (K + , Cu + , Ag + , Rb + , and Cs + ) by drawing relations to physicochemical properties. Correlations of effective diffusion coefficients were found for the bond dissociation energy and the electronic cation polarizability, indicating that localization and rupture of bonds are of importance for the ion-exchange rate.

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Experimental studies investigating the structure of soda-lime glasses after silver-sodium ion exchange

Cited by 46 publications

References 31 publications

Ag/Na ion exchange in soda-lime glasses and the formation of small Ag nanoparticles

Ag/Na ion exchange in soda-lime glasses and the formation of small Ag nanoparticles

Defect model for the mixed mobile ion effect

Trends in Effective Diffusion Coefficients for Ion-Exchange Strengthening of Soda-Lime-Silicate Glasses

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