Experimental setup for steel corrosion characterization in lead bath

Ghetta, V.; Gamaoun, Fehmi; Fouletier, J.; Hénault, Marc; LeMoulec, A.

doi:10.1016/s0022-3115(01)00532-3

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Barbier and Rusanov [1] reported the corrosion behavior of several steels, including Optifer IV, T91, and EP823 with LBE. Ghetta et al [2] designed a detailed and precise description for procedures for corrosion studies of steel samples in molten lead. Glasbrenner et al [3] conducted corrosion studies of steels in flowing lead at temperatures of 673 K and 823 K.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several investigators [2,[10][11][12][13][14] report detailed studies of the effects of various levels of oxygen on the corrosion processes involving steels with liquid lead and/or LBE. Chemical compatibility tests were conducted of martensitic and austenitic steels [8,12,[14][15][16][17][18], and mechanical tests [19] were conducted in both liquid lead and LBE.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spectroscopic and microscopic investigation of the corrosion of 316/316L stainless steel by lead–bismuth eutectic (LBE) at elevated temperatures: importance of surface preparation

Johnson

Parsons

Manzerova

et al. 2004

Journal of Nuclear Materials

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The corrosion of steel by lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) is an important issue in proposed nuclear transmutation schemes. Steel samples were exposed to oxygen-controlled LBE at high temperature and exposure times that simulate actual reactor systems. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), combined with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), has been used to study post-exposure steel samples and unexposed controls. Our investigation of the reacted samples revealed preferential segregation of metals contained in the initial alloy formulations. Sputter depth profiling of the exposed annealed sample and cold-rolled sample showed a marked difference in oxide layer composition, depending on surface preparation. The annealed sample showed a complex oxide structure (iron oxide over chromium/iron oxide mixtures) of tens of microns thickness. The cold-rolled sample was covered with a rather simple, primarily chromium oxide layer of ~1 micron thickness. The cold-rolled sample had an order of magnitude less corrosion (i.e., both lower oxidation and less weight change) than the annealed sample.3

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectroscopic and microscopic investigation of the corrosion of 316/316L stainless steel by lead–bismuth eutectic (LBE) at elevated temperatures: importance of surface preparation

Johnson

Parsons

Manzerova

et al. 2004

Journal of Nuclear Materials

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“…The schematic drawing of the set-up developed for the oxygen activity control in a lead bath is shown in Figure 12.15b [80]. Here, two closed-end tubes were used, with air flowing inside the tubes (reference atmospheres).…”

Section: Closed Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Temperature Applications of Solid Electrolytes: Fuel Cells, Pumping, and Conversion

Fouletier

Ghetta

2009

Solid State Electrochemistry I

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High-temperature, solid-state electrochemical reactors have numerous current and potential applications. In this chapter, we briefly review the various modes of operation of cells involving a solid electrolyte conducting by oxide ions or protons, either for energy generation or fine chemicals production. The specific requirements of the materials constituting the cell core are outlined, after which examples of current applications are briefly described. These include oxygen and hydrogen pumping, atmosphere control, intermediate-and high-temperature solid oxide fuel cells, and catalytic membrane reactors. IntroductionCeramic electrochemical reactors are currently undergoing intense investigation, the aim being not only to generate electricity but also to produce chemicals. Typically, ceramic dense membranes are either pure ionic (solid electrolyte; SE) conductors or mixed ionic-electronic conductors (MIECs). In this chapter we review the developments of cells that involve a dense solid electrolyte (oxide-ion or proton conductor), where the electrical transfer of matter requires an external circuitry. When a dense ceramic membrane exhibits a mixed ionic-electronic conduction, the driving force for mass transport is a differential partial pressure applied across the membrane (this point is not considered in this chapter, although relevant information is available in specific reviews).Solid-state electrochemical cells based on pure ionic conductors -which often are referred to as solid-electrolyte membrane reactors (SEMRs) -have numerous current or potential applications, including the production of high-purity oxygen by separating nitrogen and oxygen from the air; the control of oxygen in a gas or in a molten metal (oxygen pump or an oxygen getter, a form of oxygen-trapping device);

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“…Oxygen control systems are now redeveloped in Europe, in the frame of the TECLA program (2000)(2001)(2002)(2003) [59][60][61][62]. It is of special interest to mention the new experimental device, developed by Ghetta [60][61][62], since it gives access to accurate measurements of: (i) the oxygen activity a O in LM (lead, LBE), (ii) the oxygen activity coefficient c 1 0 and (iii) the oxygen solubility limit x sat OðLMÞ over an extended temperature range (200°-750°).…”

Section: Compatibility Of Structural Materials With Lbe and Leadmentioning

confidence: 99%