Experimental research on vibrational digging-up of sugar beet

Abstract

The technological process of vibrational digging-up of sugar beet has spread in many sugar beet-sowing coun- tries. The experience of using this process demonstrated its advantages compared against other ways of dig- ging-up, but there have been scarce experimental researches of the vibrational digging-up of sugar beet from soil which makes this topic urgent for sugar beet production. Aim. The experimental determination of rational parameters and modes of the vibrational digging-up working tool to ensure the required quality of conducting the technological process of digging sugar beet from soil. Methods. The methods of planning a multifactor ex- periment, fi eld studies, statistical processing, regression analysis of the experimental data with building graphic curves were applied. Results. A new model of a tool for vibrational digging-up of sugar beet from soil has been elaborated. The accepted program and method were used to conduct experimental research on the impact of the main construction and technological parameters of the vibrational digging-up working tool of the beet harvester on the quality indices of performing the technological process of harvesting sugar beet. The energy parameters of new vibrational digging-up working tools were studied in fi eld conditions via registering the values of tenzometric sensors in different modes of the device and different parameters and working modes of the vibrational digging-up tools. Conclusions. It was established that there is a value of the vibration frequency and running depth in soil of the vibrational digging-up working tool for each value of the translational veloc- ity of the vibrational digging-up machine which corresponds to minimal losses and damage to crop roots. It was also found that the degree of crop root damage depends on the conditions of performing the technological process of vibrational digging-up (soil solidity and humidity), and the weight of damaged crop roots increases with the increase in solidity and the decrease in humidity of soil.

Mathematical model of interaction between share working body and beet root during vibrational digging

“…In [8] studies of the influence of the speed of the movement upon the drive power of a machine with vibrating digging tools were carried out, but this was done without changing the parameters of the vibration process and disclosing the reasons for changing the traction resistance. Also, much attention is paid to determination of the loss of the root crops after the passage of the beet-digging machine, depending on the speed of its movement; but at a constant frequency and amplitude of oscillations of the working tool with increasing speed we will get a decrease in the time and number of interactions of the working tool with the body of the root crop, which is not desired.…”

“…However, as practice has shown, the use of exactly the direction of vibration of the digging tools in a transverse-horizontal plane does not provide the necessary conditions for productivity and quality, which made it necessary to completely eliminate such oscillations. The following numerous theoretical and experimental investigations and design developments have shown that only the creation of oscillatory impacts upon the beet root bodies, which are in the soil exactly in a longitudinal-vertical plane, is the only possible way to further improvement of this technological process [8][9][10][11].…”

Mathematical Model of Root Crop Digging with Longitudinal Vibrations

“…where φ(x) -the proper form of the main vibrations; p -the proper frequency of the main vibrations. By substituting expression (12) into functional (11), we obtain:…”

“…The existing digging bodies for root crops, operating in a wide variety of conditions (different hardness moisture of the soil surrounding the root crops, non-straightness of the crop rows, etc. ), are not always able to fulfil the specified requirements, which leads to significant losses of the grown crop [11].…”

“…The theory of vibrational digging of root crops from the soil with the application of disturbing forces in the longitudinal-vertical plane in a fundamentally new formulation was published in [18,19]. The case of transverse free forced vibrations of a root crop as an elastic body with the coinciding directions of the disturbing forces with the direction of the forward movement of the vibrating digging working body was published in [11,20], it is of interest from both theoretical practical points of view. Therefore, there is a need to consider the general problem of longitudinal vibrations of a root crop as a solid elastic cone-shaped body, fixed in the soil, taking into account its elastic damping properties.…”