Experimental Research of Road Maintenance Salts and Molasses ("Safecote") Corrosive Impact on Metals/Kelių Priežiūrai Naudojamų Druskų Ir Melasos („safecote“) Poveikio Metalų Korozijai Eksperimentiniai Tyrimai/ Экспериментальное Исследование Коррозионного Воздействия На Металлы Солей И Мелассы (“Safecote”), Применяемых Для Содержания Дорог

Petkuvienė, Jolita; Paliulis, Dainius

doi:10.3846/1648-6897.2009.17.236-243

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…8). Soil and terrain conditions are determined according to type of rock, soil moisture, and surface water and soil as a construction material (Petkuvienė, Paliulis 2009). Soils in roadside forest ecotone zones constitute a certain filter buffering chemical contamination generated by motor traffic.…”

Section: Soil Stability Classesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Designing an Optimal Forest Road Network by Consideration of Environmental Impacts in Gis Optimalių Miško Kelių Tinklo Projektavimas Įvertinus Poveikį Aplinkai Gis Programa / Проектирование Oпtиmaльhoй Cetи Лechыx Дopoг С Учетом Boздeйctbия Ha Okpyжaющyю Cpeдy, Оцененного С Использованием Гис

Hosseini

Mazrae

Lotfalian

et al. 2012

Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management

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Planning of forest road network is the most important issue for sustainable management of northern forests in Iran. This study represented a technical method of forest road planning by using GIS (Geographic Information Systems) in Vatan forestry plan of Golestan province, Iran. The aim of this study was to find out options for the optimization of skid trail length and for decreasing the negative effects of redundant skid trail length. Results of this study showed that the total length of forest road and the road network density was 36745 m and 8.68 m ha−1, respectively. 54% of the area was covered by these roads. 98.06 km skid trail was planned from road verge into the forest interior. The density of this skidding trail was 23.17 m ha−1. The suggested road network length measured using GIS was 47.23 km. Road density was 10.87 m ha−1, with 79% coverage. Skid trail length was 81.04 km, and skid trail density was 19.15 m ha−1. On the basis of GIS measurements, the skid trails on new road network system had shorter length and more frequency. This causes to decrease the cost of primary transportation. Moreover, in this plan the roads with suitable coverage passed from stable slopes. Santrauka Miško kelių tinklo planavimas – viena svarstomų problemų, siekiant užtikrinti tvarią miškotvarkos sistemą šiaurinėje Irano dalyje esančiuose miškuose. Šiame straipsnyje pristatomas miško kelių planavimo techninis metodas, taikant GIS (geografinės informacinės sistemos) programą ir naudojant Vatan miško, Golestan provincijoje, Irane, planus. Šio tyrimo tikslas – išsiaiškinti galimybes, kaip optimizuoti miško keliukų ilgį ir sumažinti neigiamą poveikį miškui, mažinant perteklinį šių keliukų trasos ilgį. Pirminiai rezultatai parodė, kad bendras esamų kelių ilgis siekia 36 745 km, kelių tinklas aprėpė 54% visos tiriamosios teritorijos, tankis siekė 8,68 m ha−1, o optimalus miško kelių tinklas buvo rengiamas pagal esamą 98,06 km ilgio miško keliukų tinklą, kurio tankis – 23,17 m ha−1. Bendras siūlomo kelių tinklo ilgis siekia 47,23 km, tankumas – 10,87 m ha−1, jis aprėpia 79% teritorijos. Miško keliukų ilgis – 81,04 km, tankumas – 19,15 m·ha−1. Remiantis GIS matavimais, naujo miško keliukų tinklo keliukai buvo trumpesni, tačiau jų tinklas tankesnis. Dėl šios priežasties mažėja pirminės transporto išlaidos ir sukuriama optimali miško keliukų aprėptis, pagerinamas prieinamumas. Резюме Планирование сети лесных дорог является одним из важнейших вопросов при создании упорядоченной системылесохозяйствования в северной части Ирана. В статье представлен технический метод планирования лесохозяйственной деятельности (прокладки дорог) с использованием ГИС и плана леса Ватан в провинции Гулистан Ирана. Целью исследования было выяснить возможности оптимизации длины лесных дорог и уменьшениянегативных последствий их избыточной длины. Результаты исследования показали, что общая протяженность существующих лесных дорог составляет 36 745 км, сеть дорог охватывает 54% всей исследованной территории,ее плотность – 8,68 м га−1. Оптимальная сеть лесных дорог создавалась на основании имеющейся сети лесных дорог, протяженность которой 98,06 км, плотность – 23,17 м гa−1. Протяженность предлагаемой сети дорог составит 47,23 км, плотность – 10,87 м гa−1, она охватит 79% территории. Длина лесных дорог составит 81,04 км, а плотность – 19,15 м·гa−1. На основании измерений, проведенных с использованием ГИС, длина дорог лесной сети стала короче, а сеть более густой. В связи с этим снижаются первичные затраты на транспорт, охват леснымидорогами становится более оптимальным, увеличивается доступность.

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Section: Soil Stability Classesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Designing an Optimal Forest Road Network by Consideration of Environmental Impacts in Gis Optimalių Miško Kelių Tinklo Projektavimas Įvertinus Poveikį Aplinkai Gis Programa / Проектирование Oпtиmaльhoй Cetи Лechыx Дopoг С Учетом Boздeйctbия Ha Okpyжaющyю Cpeдy, Оцененного С Использованием Гис

Hosseini

Mazrae

Lotfalian

et al. 2012

Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management

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“…Having studied de-icing materials that can be used and are effective for decrease of road slipperiness in winter, as well as other alternative materials (Petkuvienė, Paliulis 2009), calcium nitrate was selected for further investigation. One of the main reasons for this selection -this material is produced in Lithuania.…”

Section: Alternative Materials For Decreasing Road Slipperiness In Wi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Possibilities for the Use of Chemicals Materials Alternative to Chlorides for Decreasing Road Slipperiness in Winter

Laurinavičius

Mažeika

Vaiškūnaitė

et al. 2011

The Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering

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Having assessed in various aspects the study materials (salts), used for road maintenance in a cold period of the year, and taking a special consideration of the impact of these materials (salts) on the environment as well as their price, it could be stated that the most acceptable alternative for Lithuania is the already used sodium and calcium chloride salts. A large disadvantage of two materials (sodium chloride and calcium chloride) is that chloride ions strongly increase the speed of corrosion reactions of metals. Larger concentrations of chlorides aggravate vegetation processes and, thus, cause damage to roadside plants. Having assessed all the materials (salts) according to their chemical and physical properties and also according to their price and availability from technological point of view in the production, at present the following compounds could be distinguished: carbamide and calcium magnesium nitrates. When using calcium nitrate fewer chlorides get into the environment and the environment is less corrosive in regard to metals, however, here another problem occurs. If too large concentrations get into the environment, nitrates can cause pollution of ground water and soil. In future, having expanded the production of calcium and magnesium nitrates, it will be possible to start producing certain mixtures, e.g. carbamide with those nitrates or the mixture of carbamide, calcium, magnesium nitrates and calcium chloride, and, thus, to reduce a direct use of chlorides.

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“…Safecote is a brown liquid substance which is mixed with various de-icing salts and their mixtures, and is used rarely alone . The distinguishing properties of the Safecote solution are: excellent anti-corrosive properties; fast response to snow and ice control; environmentally friendly (Petkuvienė, Paliulis 2009). Safecote solution boasts powerful corrosion inhibition properties; it is biodegradable and environmentally friendly .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact on grass vegetation of materials reducing gravel road dustiness

Bradulienė

Vasarevičius

2012

The Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering

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Materials used to reduce dustiness on gravel roads affect both the gravel road surfacing and the neighbouring vegetation. Materials used to reduce dustiness may access vegetation directly (when sprayed on gravel roads) and indirectly (when leached out by precipitation). The investigation examined a new substance, the aqueous solution Safecote (of different concentrations) and its mixtures with calcium chloride. 10%, 20% and 30% concentrations of Safecote and 36.5% of calcium chloride were used. The mixture ratio was 1:1 by volume. The investigation addressed the impact of the applied solutions on the length and viability of the above-ground part of plants. The timothy grass, white clover and crimson clover species of grass vegetation were selected for the investigation. The choice was determined by the fact that these species frequently grow in pastures by gravel roads. As it was determined during the investigation the viability of the selected plants in non-contaminated soil was 85-89%, in soil contaminated with dust reducing agent was 67-88% using solution Safecote, and 0-1% when applying mixtures of solutions. After 6 weeks of growth the length of aboveground part was 6.41-8.57 cm in uncontaminated soil, 4.22-8.18 cm in soil contaminated with Safecote solution and 0.00-2.07 cm in soil contaminated with the mixture.

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Cited by 15 publications

References 12 publications

Possibilities for the Use of Chemicals Materials Alternative to Chlorides for Decreasing Road Slipperiness in Winter

The impact on grass vegetation of materials reducing gravel road dustiness

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