Experimental research of oil extraction from canola by using microwave technology

Abstract

Abstract. One of the most important stages of the technological process of extraction of target components from the seeds of the agricultural oil crops by the extraction method is extraction which lasts for the longest time, and therefore it actually determines, on the whole, the speed and economic efficiency of the entire process. The aim of the work was to study the extraction kinetics canola (rapeseed) (oilcake and whole grain) to determine the optimal technological parameters (kind of the extragent, hydromodule, value of the function) of the process carried out in a microwave field. As a result of the investigations of the concentration of the obtained oil, it was found that, in contrast to alcohol, the solvent hexane ensures a higher intensity of the process, a greater diffusion and solubility coefficient. However, the experimental research of the intensity of action of the solvents under the impact of the microwave field, and without it (at the temperature conditions of boiling solvents), showed that intensified action of ethyl alcohol (ethanol) during the extraction in a microwave field is 1.5 times more intensive than the action of hexane. The conducted investigations indicate that, in case oil is extracted from canola (rapeseed) under microwave field conditions, preference should be given to a polar, nontoxic and more safe (in contrast to hexane) solvent -ethyl alcohol (ethanol).

Experimental investigations in distribution process of ammonia nitrate by orking body with inclined axis

“…There was threefold repetition of experiments for each investigated input parameter. The data obtained were processed by methods of mathematical statistics on a PC [16][17][18].…”

Construction of a mathematical model of extraction process in the system "solid body ‒ liquid" in a microwave field

“…When considering in detail the effect of the latter factor on the process, it was established in papers [3,[12][13][14] that energy of the microwave field, by concentrating in the liquid phase of capillary volume of a solid particle, induces the formation of "steam bubbles" of the extracted substance. The result of the action of electromagnetic energy is the emergence of a pressure gradient with the liquid (periodically) pushed out of the capillary into the flow of solution.…”

“…Thus, the kinetics of extraction is described by a system of three differential equations (13), (14) and (16). In the specified differential equations the effect of a microwave field is accounted for through coefficients K e and β (since the release of a substance from surface under the action of steam pressure, predetermined by the influence of UHF EMF, turbulizes the surface layer of solution).…”

“…For the parametric identification of the structured mathematical model (differential equations (13), (14), (16)), we must have an analytical dependence of solvent concentration (extractant) on the process duration, that is, a description of the kinetic curve.…”

“…Substituting the value of c(τ) from (19) into equation (16), and the value of с р (τ) from (21) into equation (13), upon transforms, we obtain: To account for the impact of UHF EMF on the extraction process in the mathematical notation in an imaginary form, we shall consider the thermal balance of a material's particle. The heat that is released in the particle (by the absorption of electromagnetic waves) Pdτ is spent on heating the material (a solid body plus a liquid) mcdΘ and a partial conversion of a liquid substance into steam rm 0 ε'dU ( 0 m is the mass of a completely dry material), that is:…”