Experimental realization of two-dimensional artificial skyrmion crystals at room temperature

Miao, B. F.; Sun, L. Z.; Wu, Yizhang; Tao, X. D.; Xiong, Xiang; Wen, Yan; Cao, Rongxing; Wang, P.; Wu, Di; Zhan, Qingfeng; You, B.; Du, Jiangfeng; Li, R. W.; Ding, Haifeng

doi:10.1103/physrevb.90.174411

Cited by 94 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The very broad temperature range and magnetic field range in which the biskyrmions stably existed are extremely important for both fundamental research and potential applications in novel spintronic devices. The stability of skyrmion lattices over extended areas in their ground state at room temperature has been observed in patterned ultrathin single-layer and multilayer magnetic films with perpendicular magentic anisotropy [34][35][36][37][38] . In these systems, both the "intrinsic" interfacial DM interactions and the defect-related "extrinsic" factors (e.g., edge defects and surface roughness) played important magneto-transport properties, e.g., the quantum Hall effect and topological Hall effect, but they may also lead to the realization of skyrmion-based spintronic devices.…”

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confidence: 99%

A Centrosymmetric Hexagonal Magnet with Superstable Biskyrmion Magnetic Nanodomains in a Wide Temperature Range of 100–340 K

et al. 2016

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Magnetic skyrmions are topologically protected vortex-like nanometric spin textures that have recently received growingly attention for their potential applications in future highperformance spintronic devices. Such unique mangetic naondomains have been recently discovered in bulk chiral magnetic materials, such as MnSi [1][2][3][4] , FeGe [5,6] , FeCoSi [7] , Cu 2 OSeO 3 [8][9][10] , -Mn-type Co-Zn-Mn [11] , and also GaV 4 S 8[12] a polar magnet. The crystal structure of these materials is cubic and lack of centrosymmetry, leading to the existence of Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) interactions. Unlike the conventional spin configurations, such as helical or conical, that are usually found in chiral magnets, a magnetic skyrmion has a particle-like swirling-spin configuration characterized by a topological index called the skyrmion number [13,14] . The nontrivial topology of magnetic skyrmions results in a number of

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confidence: 99%

A Centrosymmetric Hexagonal Magnet with Superstable Biskyrmion Magnetic Nanodomains in a Wide Temperature Range of 100–340 K

et al. 2016

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“…Magnetic vortices have been intensively studied due to their compelling physical behavior [3][4][5][6][7] and their potential in a wide range of applications such as data storage, 8,9 signal transfer, [10][11][12] logic devices, 13 transistors 14 and artificial skyrmion crystals. [15][16][17][18] With respect to practical application of magnetic vortices in advanced nanotechnologies, one of the critical factors is the effective reconfigurability of two topologies, c and p, particularly within large and densely packed arrays of magnetic elements. 19,20 As a representative example, for successful achievement of vortex-based signal transfer and logic and transistor operations, the desired configurations of magnetic vortex states must be first established.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous control of magnetic topologies for reconfigurable vortex arrays

Fischer

Han

et al. 2017

NPG Asia Mater

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The topological spin textures in magnetic vortices in confined magnetic elements offer a platform for understanding the fundamental physics of nanoscale spin behavior and the potential of harnessing their unique spin structures for advanced magnetic technologies. For magnetic vortices to be practical, an effective reconfigurability of the two topologies of magnetic vortices, that is, the circularity and the polarity, is an essential prerequisite. The reconfiguration issue is highly relevant to the question of whether both circularity and polarity are reliably and efficiently controllable. In this work, we report the first direct observation of simultaneous control of both circularity and polarity by the sole application of an in-plane magnetic field to arrays of asymmetrically shaped permalloy disks. Our investigation demonstrates that a high degree of reliability for control of both topologies can be achieved by tailoring the geometry of the disk arrays. We also propose a new approach to control the vortex structures by manipulating the effect of the stray field on the dynamics of vortex creation. The current study is expected to facilitate complete and effective reconfiguration of magnetic vortex structures, thereby enhancing the prospects for technological applications of magnetic vortices.

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“…In contrast to the self-assembled triangular skyrmion lattice stabilized by DM interaction in some non-centrosymmetric magnetic materials [1,4,5,11,19,26], new approaches are suggested for creating and stabilizing two-dimensional artificial lattices of magnetic skyrmions by periodic modulation of either the geometrical [27][28][29][30][31][32][33] or the material properties of the magnetic thin films [34]. In this work, artificial skyrmion crystals with either square or honeycomb lattices have been created in periodically nanopatterned magnetic thin films.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergent geometric frustration of artificial magnetic skyrmion crystals

Reichhardt

Gan

et al. 2016

Phys. Rev. B

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Magnetic skyrmions have been receiving growing attention as potential information storage and magnetic logic devices since an increasing number of materials have been identified that support skyrmion phases. Explorations of artificial frustrated systems have led to new insights into controlling and engineering new emergent frustration phenomena in frustrated and disordered systems. Here, we propose a skyrmion spin ice, giving a unifying framework for the study of geometric frustration of skyrmion crystals in a non-frustrated artificial geometrical lattice as a consequence of the structural confinement of skyrmions in magnetic potential wells. The emergent ice rules from the geometrically frustrated skyrmion crystals highlight a novel phenomenon in this skyrmion system: emergent geometrical frustration. We demonstrate how skyrmion crystal topology transitions between a non-frustrated periodic configuration and a frustrated ice-like ordering can also be realized reversibly. The proposed artificial frustrated skyrmion systems can be annealed into different ice phases with an applied current induced spin-transfer torque, including a long range ordered ice rule obeying ground state, as-relaxed random state, biased state and monopole state. The spin-torque reconfigurability of the artificial skyrmion ice states, difficult to achieve in other artificial spin ice systems, is compatible with standard spintronic device fabrication technology, which makes the semiconductor industrial integration straightforward.

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Experimental realization of two-dimensional artificial skyrmion crystals at room temperature

Cited by 94 publications

References 42 publications

A Centrosymmetric Hexagonal Magnet with Superstable Biskyrmion Magnetic Nanodomains in a Wide Temperature Range of 100–340 K

A Centrosymmetric Hexagonal Magnet with Superstable Biskyrmion Magnetic Nanodomains in a Wide Temperature Range of 100–340 K

Simultaneous control of magnetic topologies for reconfigurable vortex arrays

Emergent geometric frustration of artificial magnetic skyrmion crystals

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