Experimental optimization and dynamics solution of active-passive Q-switched intracavity optical parametric oscillator based on EO modulator and layered-WSe2 SA

Wang, Jing; Pang, Jinbo; Liu, Shipeng; Song, Peng; Tang, Wenjing; Ren, Yuhu; Xia, Wei

doi:10.1016/j.infrared.2020.103525

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Great opportunities remain for elevating the resolution of electronic skins, [251,252] on-skin multimodal monitoring, [253,254] and joint healthcare. [255] Besides, the MXene-based sensing materials could be enriched by the interaction with other 2D materials such as graphene, [256][257][258][259] phosphorene, [260] MoS 2 , [261][262][263] MoSe 2 , [264,265] WSe 2 , [266][267][268][269] WTe 2 , [270] PtS, [271,272] and PdSe 2 . [273] The concept of van der Waals heterostructures [274][275][276] can inspire the MXene-based device development.…”

Section: Mxene-based Piezoresistive Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward Smart Sensing by MXene

Huang

Peng

et al. 2022

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MXene is typically exfoliated by selective etching the A layer of MAX phase. [1] One example of MXene, Ti 3 C 2 F x , satisfies the stoichiometric ratio of n + 1/n, in which M, X, and T stand for transition metals, carbon or nitrogen, terminal groups at surfaces, respectively. The MXene has exhibited extraordinary electrical, [2][3][4] optical, [5] mechanical, [6][7][8] and electrochemical properties [9] since its first discovery, [10] which has become an emerging material for sensing, [11,12] communication, [13,14] energy, [15,16] environmental, [17] and healthcare applications. [18][19][20] There are many reviews existing for electrochemical energy storage, including supercapacitors, lithium ion batteries, [21][22][23] sodium ion batteries, zinc ion batteries, [24][25][26] lithium-sulfur batteries, and energy conversions, [27][28][29] includingThe Internet of Things era has promoted enormous research on sensors, communications, data fusion, and actuators. Among them, sensors are a prerequisite for acquiring the environmental information for delivering to an artificial data center to make decisions. The MXene-based sensors have aroused tremendous interest because of their extraordinary performances. In this review, the electrical, electronic, and optical properties of MXenes are first introduced. Next, the MXene-based sensors are discussed according to the sensing mechanisms such as electronic, electrochemical, and optical methods. Initially, biosensors are introduced based on chemiresistors and field-effect transistors. Besides, the wearable pressure sensor is demonstrated with piezoresistive devices. Third, the electrochemical methods include amperometry and electrochemiluminescence as examples. In addition, the optical approaches refer to surface plasmonic resonance and fluorescence resonance energy transfer. Moreover, the prospects are delivered of multimodal data fusion toward complicated human-like senses. Eventually, future opportunities for MXene research are conveyed in the new material discovery, structure design, and proof-of-concept devices.

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Section: Mxene-based Piezoresistive Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward Smart Sensing by MXene

Huang

Peng

et al. 2022

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“…基态吸收截面s g , 激发态吸收截面s e , 基态初始粒子数n y0 和激发态粒子寿命t y 是反映SA可饱和吸收的重要特性参数, 也是动力学方程求解的必备参数. 在之前的工作中 [16,17] , 基于脉冲光峰值能量密度与传播距离的微分方程, 得到了小信号和大信号近似下透过率与吸收的关系, 从而求出了可饱和吸收参数. 然而, 在大信号近似下, SA对光的吸收降低, 除了需要考虑材料饱和吸收外, 还应考虑非饱和吸收.…”

Section: 动力学理论分析unclassified

“…根据修正公式, 考虑非均匀加宽机制, 对3.5 nm 厚WS 2 片的可饱和吸收参数计算值如表1所示, 这些计算值与其他报道相符, 符合TMDC的典型值范围 [38,39] . 6) [16,40] .…”

Section: 动力学理论分析unclassified

“…在这些SA中, 二维(two-dimensional, 2D)过渡金属二硫化物 (transition metal dichalcogenide, TMDC)具有层数依赖的带隙结构, 能够实现近红外波段的激光调制, 被认为是很有前途的光调制器 [10−12] . 将二维TMDC SA应用于单主动调Q激光, 能够在脉宽、峰值功率和运转稳定性等方面实现显著优化 [13−15] , 因此, 基于 TMDC的主被动双调制激光抽运的OPO有望在实验上实现更高效率、更好稳定性的参量光输出 [16,17] . 动力学速率方程能够有效预测OPO的运转特性 [18,19] , 是模拟输出结果的理论工具.…”

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Operation characteristics of mid-infrared optical parametric oscillation pumped by layered WS2 modulated laser

Wang¹,

Pang²,

He-Ze³

et al. 2022

Acta Phys. Sin.

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Optical parametric oscillator (OPO) is an important mid-infrared coherent light source. Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) with nonlinear absorption of near-infrared-wavelength light is expected to be a prospective modulating switch for OPO’s fundamental laser. In this work, firstly, the characteristics of a home-made 3.5nm-thick tungsten disulfide (WS2) sample are measured and analyzed. The nonlinear transmission is figured and fitted, revealing the performance of WS2’s saturable absorption. Then, the output characteristics of WS2 saturable absorber (SA) modulated solid-state laser are measured experimentally. Although the photon energy of 1.06 μm-wavelength laser is less than the bandgap energy of 3.5nm WS2, the sample still exhibits the saturable absorption. This may be attributed to the mechanisms of defect-induced absorption, coexistence of states, edge-state of material, two-photon absorption, etc. Secondly, combined with active acousto-optic (AO) modulator, the active and passive Q-switched OPO with idler-light oscillation are implemented, and the nanometer pulse-width mid-infrared pulse is obtained. The implementation of AO modulator is to manage the regular switching time to reduce the pulse peak-to-peak vibration of fundamental light and improve the peak power. The optimal characteristics of WS2 for OPO are studied. Based on the saturable absorption characteristics, the output pulse is compressed by 60%, the peak power is improved by 191%, and the stability of pulse train is improved by 79.62%. Especially, the insertion of WS2 nanosheet could alleviate the “output saturation and drop” phenomenon in singly active-Q-switched OPO. This phenomenon may origin from the uneven refrigeration of KTA. Because the saturable absorption effect of WS2 can significantly reduce the transverse area of Gaussian beam, it can alleviate the temperature gradient distribution of KTA and optimize the output characteristics. Finally, based on the nonlinear transmittance curve measured for WS2, the absorption cross section of ground state and excited state are calculated to be1.732 × 10–17 cm2 and 4.758 × 10–19 cm2, respectively, and the lifetime of excited-state energy level and the initial population density of ground state are evaluated to be 400.6 μs and 1.741 × 1022 cm–3, respectively, by considering the inhomogeneous-broadening mechanism and unsaturated absorption under large signal. The rate equations of layered-WS2 modulated optical parametric oscillator are solved. This study shows the optimization effect of 2D TMDC on nonlinear conversion of laser, especially the mitigation of thermal effect. At the same time, it provides a parameter basis for the dynamic simulation of two-dimensional material modulated laser.

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“…For passive Q-switching technology, the repetition rate of laser pulse is unstable, but it does possess a nonlinear saturable absorption mechanism. The double Q-switching operation, functioning with the cooperation of both active Q-switching and passive Q-switching, or two passive Qswitching operations, has been demonstrated as the effective technique in pulse width reduction, peak power enhancement, and symmetry improvement [7,8]. At the 2-µm wavelength region in particular, the doubly Q-switched lasers with active and passive Q-switching operations demonstrate obvious advantages for obtaining a more stable pulse, shorter pulse width and higher peak power [9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Layered Metallic Vanadium Disulfide for Doubly Q-Switched Tm:YAP Laser with EOM: Experimental and Theoretical Investigations

Niu

Feng

et al. 2021

Nanomaterials

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In the current study, layered metallic vanadium disulfide (VS2) is fabricated by a liquid-phase exfoliation method, and its microstructures as well as optical characteristics are investigated. Based on first-principles calculations, the band structure and density of the states of both bulk T-VS2 and monolayer H-VS2 are illustrated, showing the metallic behavior with a zero band gap. By using VS2 as the saturable absorber in a doubly Q-switched Tm:YAP laser with an EOM, the Q-switching laser pulses at 2 μm with 22 ns and 200 Hz are generated, corresponding to the single pulse energy of 755 μJ and the peak power of 34.3 kW. The coupled rate equations of the doubly Q-switched laser are given, and the numerical simulations agree with the experimental results. The results indicate that VS2 is a promising nanomaterial due to its nonlinear optical property. The doubly Q-switched laser demonstrates a high level of performance in reducing pulse width and enhancing pulse peak power.

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Experimental optimization and dynamics solution of active-passive Q-switched intracavity optical parametric oscillator based on EO modulator and layered-WSe2 SA

Cited by 6 publications

References 47 publications

Toward Smart Sensing by MXene

Toward Smart Sensing by MXene

Operation characteristics of mid-infrared optical parametric oscillation pumped by layered WS<sub>2</sub> modulated laser

Layered Metallic Vanadium Disulfide for Doubly Q-Switched Tm:YAP Laser with EOM: Experimental and Theoretical Investigations

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